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Fluid and Electrolytes

Terms in this set (187)

Diffusion
The free movement of solutes (electrolytes) across a membrane
Osmosis
When water moves down its pressure gradient through a semipermeable membrane from diluted fluid to a more concentrated fluid until equilibrium occurs.
Filtration
This occurs when water crosses the capillary membrane into the interstitial space.
Hydrostatic Pressure
In the vascular system, the blood pressure created in the vessels by the contraction of the heart.
Osmolarity
The number of milliosmoles in a liter and kilogram of solution.
Increased, bounding pulse
Jugular venous distention
Presence of crackles
Elevated blood pressure
Skin pale and cool to touch
Which findings indicate that a patient may have hypervolemia?
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration of particles that is greater on one side of a permeable membrane than on the other side is known as...
Thirst
A patient's blood osmolarity is 302 mOsm/L. What manifestation does the nurse expect to see in the patient?
Call the physician if swelling occurs.
Limit the amount of free water intake.
Weigh self each day on the same scale.
Avoid high-sodium foods.
A patient is at risk for hypervolemia. For self management at home, what does the nurse teach the patient to do?
Mental status changes
An older adult patient at risk for fluid and electrolyte problems is vigilantly monitored by the nurse for the first indication of a fluid balance problem. What is this indication?
1500 mL of fluid per day, ingestion an additional 800 mL of fluid from food.
Which intake-output record represents the norm for the average adult?
Lethal electrolyte imbalances
Toxic buildup of nitrogen
Acidosis
What are the consequences for a patient who does not meet the obligatory urine output?
400 to 600 mL
What is the minimum amount of urine per day needed to excrete toxic waste products?
Aldosterone
A patient who loses a lot of fluid and sodium is likely experiencing a decrease in what kind of secretion?
Fever of 103 F
Extensive burns
thyroid crisis
Continuous fistula drainage
Diabetes insipidus
Patients with which conditions are at great risk for deficient fluid volume?
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