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SPAD 390 Midterm Study Guide

Terms in this set (56)

Sport Governance
The exercise of power and authority in sport organizations to determine:
- organizational mission
-membership
-eligibility
-regulatory power
Three levels of sport
- Local
- National
- International
Attributes of an Organization
1.) Identity - Established name
2.) Program of activity- Sets clear achievable goals for the organization
3.) Membership - Set rules about who joins group
4.) Clear Boundaries - It is clear who a member is
5.) Permanency - Members may change, but the group is withstanding
6.) Division of Labor - Labor is divided among members
7.) Hierarchy of Authority - Organizational charts identifies the hierarchy of authority
8.) Formal Rules and Procedures - Constitutions, bylaws, and operational manuals
Regulatory Power
Ability to enforce rules and impose punishments
Five R's of Good Governance
1. Regulations
2. Rules
3. Rankings
4. Records
5. Results
Regulations
Government structures, conduct policies, and ethics
Rules
Systems reporting rules for officiating and managing competitive events
Rankings
Report and numerically place athlete/team performances based on results and competitive criteria
Records
Systems reporting the best performances by athletes/teams
Results
Systems reporting final standings and performance statistics
Organizational Units
- General assemblies
- Executive Committees, Governing Boards, Management Councils
- Standing Committees
- Ad Hoc Committees
- Executive Staff
Constitutions
Core principles and values
Bylaws
How the organization should conduct business
Three Reasons Why We Study Sport Governance
1.) To better understand the "big picture"
2.) To better understand how sport governance relates to other areas of sport management
3.) To be able to use our understanding in our sport careers
Managerial Functions
planning, organizing, leading, evaluating
Why do Sport Mangers Plan?
- To be proactive, not reactive
- To improve financial performance and use resources effectively
- To increase awareness of its operating environment
Four Types of Plans
- Short term (1-3 years)
- Long term (3 or more years)
- Standing Plans (Plans referred to continuously)
- Single-use plans (Plans developed for events occurring only once)
Planning Process
1.) Mission Statement - Describes who we are, what we do, using concise terms and language that understandable to people in and outside the organization
2.) Goals - Broad, qualitative, statements that provide direction
3.) Objectives - Quantifiable, and tied to goals
4.) Tactics - Specific actions taken to achieve objectives
5.) Roles - Units responsible for carrying out tactics
6.) Evaluation
organizational chart
Diagram illustrating all positions and report relationships within an organization
rational decision making model
1.) Define and clarify the problem
2.) Identify decision objectives
3.) Gather all relevant info
4.) Identify hurdles
5.) Brainstorm for alternatives
6.) Narrow down choices
7.) Identify pros and cons of choices
8.) Make the decision
9.) Evaluate
SLEEP(E) Principle
1.) Social - Social ramifications
2.) Legal - Legal Ramifications
3.) Economic - Financial Ramifications
4.) Ethical - Most complex and challenging for sport managers
5.) Political - Stakeholder influence
6.) Educational - Used in educational setting
Strategy
Plans and actions implemented to achieve a goal in the most efficient and effective manner
Strategic Management
Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Evaluating the organization's strategic decisions and actions
Three levels of strategy
1.) Corporate Level- Strategic planning for entire organizational
2.) Business Level- Strategic planning for individual products or services
3.) Functional Level- Strategic planning concepts implemented by personnel
Five P's of Strategy
1.) Planning- Developing a course of action
2.) Purpose- Deliberate actions and emergent actions dealing with change and opportunity
3.) Ploy- Maneuvering to deal with a situation
4.) Position- Location of the organization relative to its business and competitors
5.) Perspective- Culture/perspective of the organization
Importance of Strategy in Sport
1.) To plan effectively
2.) To capitalize on opportunities
3.) To make effective decisions
4.) To enhance the manager's entrepreneurial role
Policies
Broad guidelines or procedure an organization follows as it moves toward its goals and objectives
Policy Development
An ongoing process in which a guide to decision-making is formed relative to issues that are broadly encountered throughout the organization
Etiquette
Manners
Conscience
Little voice in my head
Legality
I can do something if it is legal and won't do something illegal
Ethics
Difference between right and wrong
Morals
Difference between good and evil
Ethical Dilemma
An undesirable or unpleasant choice relating to a moral principle or practice
4 Box Diagram
1.) Individual Values- Ideologies, beliefs, or positions that shape who you are and what you believe
2.) Leadership Styles- How one communicates and works with others
3.) Managerial Functions- POLE
4.) Organizational "Success"- Success is different for each organization
Ethical Issues in Sport
- An NFL team is accused of altering the air in playoff game footballs
- Fans shout racial slurs at opposing players
- MLB players use banned substances to improve performance
Ethical Decision Making Model
1.) Identify the problem
2.) Gather all relevant info
3.) Explore revelent codes of conduct
4.) Examine own personal values and beliefs
5.) Consult with peers and industry professionals
6.) List decision options
7.) Look for a win-win situation
8.) Ask, "How would my family feel if my decision appeared on the internet tomorrow?"
9.) Sleep on it
10.) Make the best possible decision
11.) Evaluate the decision over time
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Organization's sense of responsibility towards the community and environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates
Four levels of CSR
1.) economic (Money only)
2.) legal (Letter of the law)
3.) ethical (Spirit of the law)
4.) Philanthropic (Leader)
Triple Bottom Line
people, planet, profit
How is the North American Model different from other nations?
- Scholastic sport is primarily a North American Model
- In other nations, children play for a local municipality or club teams
- Early development is cultivated by professional clubs
History of High School Sport
- Late 1800s: used to counter delinquency and poor health
- Organized by students
- Adult supervision came in response to overemphasis on winning, using ineligible players, and mismanagement of funds
- Administrators felt it necessary to extend their authority over interscholastic and maintain a moral image
National Federation of State High School Associations
- Formed in 1920 by Midwestern states
- Member-governed national service and administrative organization of high school athletics
- By 1969, all 50 states and DC joined the NFHS
- Headquartered in Indianapolis, IN
NFHS Mission
promote activities which contribute positively to a student's educational experience
NFHS membership
50 state athletic associations plus DC
NFHS Revenues
- Sales revenue from official publications
- Membership dues and professional organizations
- Contributions, royalties, and sponsors
- Meetings and conferences
NFHS Expenses
- Salaries and benefits
- Professional organizations
- Publications
- Educational and professional development
- Management and general expenses
State HS Athletic Associations Mission
Differs from state to state
State HS Athletic Associations Membership
- Voluntary and nonprofit
- Private and public secondary schools
- Size varies by state due to the number of member schools
- Institutions are members not the individuals
State HS Athletic Associations Financials
Sources of funding vary state to state where some receive tax funding, and some do not
(Dues from member schools, Shares from tournament series and championships)
Policy Issues in HS Sport
- Eligibility

- Ethics
(No pass, no play, Transfer rules,
Academic eligibility,
High school sports are an extension of the student's educational experience)

-Public vs private schools (Private schools can recruit)

- Transfer rules
- Age limits for participation
- DACA
Why do people participate in amateur sport?
- Enjoyment
- Group Affiliation
- Fitness
- Healthy living
- Joy of competition
Public Sport Organizations
- City parks and recreation departments
- Recreational sport leagues
- State games
Nonprofit Sport Organizations
- The Y
- YWCA
- Boys and Girls Club
- Jewish Community Centers
Ways amateur sport organizations make money
- Membership dues
- Grants
- Entry fees
- Sponsorships
- Resident's taxes
Is Daniel Wheeler gay?
Yes.
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