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anatomy

Terms in this set (14)

How do the structures of the nose and nasal cavity improve the efficiency of the respiratory system? Air temp, "filtering"
The moisture in your nose helps heat and humidify the air which increases the amount of water vapor in the air entering your lungs. This helps keep the air entering the nose from drying out the lungs and also the respiratory system. Main function is gas exchange and more gas in the blood makes it more efficient
What is choking and why does the Heimlich maneuver prevent or solve the problem of choking? How does that relate to the residual volume of the lungs?
Choking occurs when breathing is obstructed by something stuck in the windpipe or throat. The Heimlich maneuver is used when someone is choking because it pushes air out of the lungs and makes them cough and the coughing can push out the stuck object.
Something is blocking the trachea or bronchi
Explain the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration in detail.
During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward while the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward. ... During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.
How do the different structures of trachea and esophagus inform their different functions?
The trachea carries inhaled air to the bronchi of the lungs and is lined with a membrane full of cells that contain cilia which are small hairlike objects that inform different functions. The esophagus carries food through the throat to the stomach.
Explain the surface area of the lungs and why it matters.
the total surface area of lungs vary from 50 to 75 square meters it is important because of the fact that in order to supply our bodies with oxygen, our air intake must have the speed of at least 160 liters per hour
Explain collapsed lungs, and how to solve this medical issue.
Collapsed lungs occur when the space between the wall of the chest cavity and the actual lung fills with air which causes the lung or a portion of the lung to collapse. To solve collapsed lungs usually a doctor will attach a syringe into the chest cavity to remove air under pressure or a chest tube will be used and left in place for a few days or sometimes surgery may be needed.
What are the final purposes of gas exchange and transport? Give details that extend all the way to the mitochondrion of the cell.
Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs.
Connect the path by which a gas molecule must move into or out of a lung cell to the alveolus with the fact that the surface area of the lung is so massive.
The path which a gas molecule moves into our out of a lung cell to the alveolus starts with gas transport, than oxygen, than the oxygen starts to fall off the hemoglobin to areas where oxygen is needed, than the acidity of the blood where the O2 is being used lowers the amount of plasma, than a carbon dioxide transport takes place, than CO2 is dissolved, than the CO2 bounds to a hemoglobin, than low partial pressure causes it to fall off, than than the CO2 turns into a bicarbonate ion.
Hypothesize the connection between the warming and humidification of air moving through the nasal cavity and the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs at very cold temperatures versus very warm temperatures in a desert and in the tropics.
When molecules are warmer, they tend to move faster and can bind to the alveoli better and if the air is dryer, it is harder for the alveoli to stick so the lungs would rather have warmer air coming in to the lungs, and that is why the naval cavity structure is so important in respiration.
Asthma attacks are generally treated with bronchodilators. Based on that information, what do you think is happening in a person's lungs during an asthma attack? To their blood chemistry? How do the bronchodilators help?
Asthma causes your airways to get inflamed and narrow and makes breathing difficult. It also causes coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness
Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): damage to lung tissues causes air trapped in alveoli to collapse the alveoli. Explain what symptoms you would a person with emphysema to exhibit.
Symptoms of emphysema would be coughing, trouble breathing, little air flow into the body, raspy voice and breath.
People with lung ailments often wheeze. Why?
Inflammation and narrowing of the airway in any location, from your throat out into your lungs, can result in wheezing
When regulating your breathing, your body pays very close attention to CO2 levels. Why? At what point does it begin to react to O2 levels? Why?
When CO2 levels become excessive, a condition known as acidosis occurs. This is defined as the pH of the blood becoming less than 7.35. The body maintains the balance mainly by using bicarbonate ions in the blood.
How does O2 travel from the lungs to the cells at which it is needed? Explain why it tends to be released to the plasma once it gets there.
O2 diffuses into the blood and then 98% of it binds with iron in hemoglobin in erythrocytes, then when partial pressure of O2 in plasma drops oxygen detaches from hemoglobin and then diffuses into the cells.
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