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Chapter 9 Cell Bio

Terms in this set (63)

Which of the following statements is false?
(a) A mutation that arises in a mother's somatic cell often causes a disease in her daughter.
(b) All mutations in an asexually reproducing single-celled organism are passed on to progeny
(c) In an evolutionary sense, somatic cells exist only to help propagate germ line cells
(d) A mutation is passed on only if it is present in the germ line
(a) A mutation that arises in a mother's somatic cell often causes a disease in her daughter
If this hypothesis is true, which of the following types of genetic change would most likely lead to this situation?
(a) a mutation within an upstream enhancer of the gene
(b) a mutation within the transcription factor gene that leads to a premature stop codon after the third amino acid
(c) a mutation within the transcription factor gene that leads to a substitution of a positively charged amino acid for a negatively charged amino acid\
(d) a mutation in the TATA box of the gene
(a) a mutation within an upstream enhancer of the gene
What type of genetic change causes this phenotypic change?
1. A protein normally localized in the nucleus is now localized in the cytoplasm
2. A protein acquires a DNA-binding domain
3. Tandem copies of a gene are found in the genome
4. A copy of a bacterial gene is now found integrated on a human chromosome
5. A protein becomes much more unstable
6. A protein normally expressed only in the liver is now expressed in blood cells.

A. mutation within a gene
B. gene duplication
C. mutation in a regulatory region
D. exon shuffling
E. horizontal gene transfer
1. A protein normally localized in the nucleus is now localized in the cytoplasm=mutation within a gene
2. A protein acquires a DNA-binding domain=exon shuffling
3. Tandem copies of a gene are found in the genome=gene duplication
4. A copy of a bacterial gene is now found integrated on a human chromosome=horizontal gene transfer
5. A protein becomes much more unstable=mutation within a gene
6. A protein normally expressed only in the liver is now expressed in blood cells.=mutation in a regulatory region

(A,D,B,E,A,C)
Sexual reproduction in a multicellular organism involves specialized reproductive cells called ____________s, which come together to form a _____________ that will divide to produce both reproductive and ______________ cells. A point mutation in the DNA is considered a _____________ mutation if it changes a nucleotide that leads to no phenotypic consequence; a point mutation is considered __________ if it changes a nucleotide within a gene and causes the protein to be nonfunctional.
gametes, zygote, somatic, neutral, deleterious
You discover that the underlying cause of a disease is a protein that is now less stable than the non-disease-causing version of the protein. This change is most likely due to ______________.
(a) a mutation within a gene
(b) a mutation within a regulatory DNA of a gene
(c) gene duplication
(d) horizontal gene transfer
(a) a mutation within a gene
This newly discovered antibiotic resistance in E Coli is most likely due to ____________.
(a) a mutation within a gene
(b) a mutation within the regulatory DNA of a gene
(c) gene duplication
(d) horizontal gene transfer
(d) horizontal gene transfer
What is the most likely explanation of why the overall mutation rates in bacteria and in humans are roughly similar?
(a) Cell division needs to be fast
(b) Most mutations are silent
(c) There is a narrow range of mutation rates that offers an optimal balance between keeping the genome stable and generating sufficient diversity in a population
(d) It benefits multicellular organisms to have some variability among its cells
(c) There is a narrow range of mutation rates that offers an optimal balance between keeping the genome stable and generating sufficient diversity in a population
True or false?
To meet a challenge or develop a new function, evolution essentially builds from first principles designing from scratch to find the best possible solution
False It only happens through gradual mutational change
True or False
Nearly every instance of DNA duplication leads to a newly functional gene
False it rarely becomes a new gene
True or false
A pseudogene is very similar to a functional gene but cannot be expressed because of mutations
true
True or false
Most genes in veterbrates are unique and only a few genes are members of multigene families
false a large portion are members of multigene families
True or false
Horizontal gene transfer is very rare and this has had little influence on the genomes of bacteria
false 20% of the genomic DNA in some bacterial species arose by HGT
What is the chance that individual 2 will inherit the mutation in individual 1?
(a) 100%
(b) 50%
(c) 1 in 100000
(d) none
(b) 50%
Most variation between individual human is in the form of _____________________________.
single-nucleotide polymorphisms
_____________________ may arise by recombination within introns and can create proteins with novel combinations of domains.
Exon Shuffling
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