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Earth Science Lab EXAM #2

Terms in this set (40)

_____________ rocks are formed from the cooling and crystallization of molten rock, generically called a melt.
igneous
___________ is found beneath the surface. _________ is found above the surface.
magma, lava
Intrusive Rocks
form from the slow cooling of magma
Extrusive Rocks
form from the quick cooling of lava
The largest type of volcano is the _________ volcano.
shield
Shield volcanoes are characterized by _______ viscosity.
low
___________ volcanoes are typically formed at hot spots and at divergent boundaries such as mid ocean ridges.
shield
__________ volcanoes are most common at convergent plate boundaries that form subduction zones.
composite
Igneous rocks are identified based on a combination of their __________ and their __________.
composition, texture
Mafic
dark colored
Intrusive rocks have __________ texture, which is very coarse with individual mineral crystals visible to the naked eye.
phaneritic
_____________ texture is where each crystal is too small to be seen with the naked eye, or non-existent.
aphanitic
Glassy texture (extrusive) is the result of _____________________ _________ cooling of lava, leaving no evidence of crystal structure.
extremely rapid
___________ texture is created when lava is cooled before all of the gases can be released, causing bubbles to be preserved within the rock.
vesicular (extrusive)
_______________ texture is when the melt begins its cooling process underground, creating large phenocrysts, but then finishes cooling above Earth's surface.
porphyritic (both intrusive and extrusive)
A ___________________ rock is a rock that has formed from the deposition of sediments at Earth's surface.
sedimentary
What are the agents of erosion?
wind, water, ice, gravity
A lake or pond environment has _______ energy because the water is not constantly flowing.
low
A river has ________ energy, transporting a variety of grain sizes.
high
Sedimentary rocks that are cemented together are called _______ or _______.
clastic, detrital
Sedimentary rocks that contain a significant amount of biologic material such as plant fragments, bones, or fossils are called _________.
biogenic
_____________ sedimentary rocks are formed when ions/minerals precipitate from a solution or are left behind when the fluid evaporates.
chemical
The level of uniformity of grain size in a sedimentary rock is called _________ or grain arrangement.
sorting
Olivine and pyroxene are considered ___________ because they contain high temperature minerals.
immature
Quartz and muscovite are considered ________ because they contain low temperature minerals.
mature
The Principle of Uniformitarianism
the key to understanding the past is to understand the present
Where is another example of high energy?
the beach
Where is another example of low energy?
deep sea
_____________________ rocks are formed when a parent rock is subject to heat and pressure, changing the texture and composition of the protolith.
metamorphic
____________ metamorphism is rocks formed by direct contact with a metamorphic agent such as hot fluids in a volcanic environment.
contact
__________ metamorphism occur at convergent plate boundaries or in large areas.
regional
__________ metamorphism occurs when Earth is hit with a meteor.
shock
Foliation
layering in metamorphic rocks
Protolith is also known as the _________ rock.
parent
Schistocity
a scaly texture that clearly shows physical alignment of grains but also shows larger, individual minerals
What is the highest grade of metamorphic banding?
gneiss
Score you made on this Quizlet in class...
36,739 :)
Bilterimous coal =
anthracite
Where the crust/mantle meet is called the ________.
moho
petrified wood =
permineralized
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