Cardiac Radiology- CardioRush

Cough, dyspnea, shortness of breath, arterial thromboembolism, neoplasia/metastasis, syncope, cardiac murmur, illness of uncertain cause
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Terms in this set (78)
Cough, dyspnea, shortness of breath, arterial thromboembolism, neoplasia/metastasis, syncope, cardiac murmur, illness of uncertain cause
What are the indications for taking thoracic radiographs?
Cardiomegaly, vessel size, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural space disease, thoracic wall structures, static image of trachea
What are some things that radiographs can tell you about the heart?
Myocardial function, tracheal dynamic motion, diaphragm motion, concentric hypertrophy, certain pulmonary parenchymal disorder
What are radiographs of the thorax NOT good for diagnosing?
Atria, ventricles, CVC, aorta, pulmonary vessels, pulmonary parenchyma, trachea, mainstem bronchi, liver, surrounding chest
What specific structures are we interest in looking at on thoracic radiographs?
Right
What lateral view is more commonly used in cardiovascular diagnostics?
Right middle lung lobe for pneumonia
What is a left lateral view good for looking at specifically?
DV
What view is taken more commonly in cardiac patients: DV or VD?
More comfortable for dyspneic animals
Why is DV view taken more commonly in cardiac patients?
3 circles
What is the appearance of the diaphragm on a DV view?
True
True or false: when evaluating a thoracic radiograph, you should take into account how deep chested the dog is to determine what is "normal" for that animal
More heart to lung volume, may appear like RV enlargementWhat is the normal appearance of the thorax in a barrel chested dog?Smaller volume compared to dogWhat is the normal appearance of the heart in a cat?False (more fat causes a more fuzzy image)True or false: when taking a thoracic radiograph, how much fat the patient has will not affect the final image generatedRight auricular appendageWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?CVCWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Right atriumWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Tricuspid valveWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Right ventricleWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Pulmonary arteriesWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Pulmonic valveWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Left atriumWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Left ventricleWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?AortaWhat structure sits here on a lateral view?Right atriumWhat structure sits here on a VD view?Right ventricleWhat structure sits here on a VD view?Pulmonary arteriesWhat structure sits here on a VD view?Left atriumWhat structure sits here on a VD view?Left ventricleWhat structure sits here on a VD view?AortaWhat structure sits here on a VD view?Left auricular appendageWhat structure makes this border of the heart?Left ventricleWhat structure makes this border of the heart?Right ventricleWhat structure makes this border of the heart?Right atriumWhat structure makes this border of the heart?Right auricular appendage, aortaWhat structure makes this border of the heart?AortaWhat structure makes this border of the heart?Pulmonary arteryWhat structure makes this border of the heart?Number of interspaces, proportion of chest width on DV view, VHSWhat are 3 ways to determine objectively if the heart is large?2.5What is the normal heart width of intercostal spaces for a deep chested dog?3.5What is the normal heart width of intercostal spaces for a barrel chested dog?2-2.5What is the normal heart width of intercostal spaces for a cat?60%What proportion of the chest width should be heart be on DV view in a dog?Long axis and short axis line, compare to number of vertebrae starting at cranial edge of T4How is vertebral heart score calculated?<10.5What should the VHS be for the heart to not be enlarged in dogs?<8.5What should the VHS be for the heart to not be enlarged in cats?Short axis of heart only, should be less than 3.6How is VHS calculated for cats on a DV view?Hypovolemia, congenital right to left shuntWhat are the differentials if a vascular pattern is present on thoracic radiographs and both arteries and veins are small?CHF, volume overload, congenital left to right shuntWhat are the differentials if a vascular pattern is present on thoracic radiographs and both arteries and veins are enlarged?Pulmonary hypertension, PTE, heartwormWhat are the differentials if a vascular pattern is present on thoracic radiographs and only the pulmonary arteries are large?Left sided CHF, increase left heart filling pressureWhat are the differentials if a vascular pattern is present on thoracic radiographs and only the pulmonary veins are large?Ventral and centralWhere are the veins located on a lateral and VD radiograph?VascularWhat type of lung pattern is this?Pulmonary arteriesWhat is enlarged on this thoracic radiograph?Hypovolemia (small vessels, small heart, dark lung fields, heart not in contact with sternum)What is the abnormality associated with this radiograph?Enlarged CVCWhat is the abnormality on this radiograph?Vascular, bronchial, interstitial, alveolarWhat are the 4 lung patterns?PneumoniaWhat disease is most likely to cause lung patterns in the yellow region?Cardiogenic pulmonary edemaWhat disease is most likely to cause lung patterns in the red region?Non cardiogenic pulmonary edemaWhat disease is most likely to cause lung patterns in the blue region?Interstitial (perihilar distribution)What lung pattern is present?Interstitial pattern in perihilar regionWhat is the earliest sign of CHF that can be found on a radiograph?Aging change in dogs, earliest sign of CHF, fluid overload, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary contusion, metastatic diseaseWhat are some causes of interstitial lung patterns?BronchialWhat lung pattern is present?Feline asthma, feline HARDs, lung parasites, canine chronic bronchitis, eosinophilic lung disease, early bronchopneumonia, large breed dog CHFWhat are some causes of bronchial lung patterns?AlveolarWhat lung pattern is present?Air bronchogramWhat is characteristic of an alveolar lung pattern?Pneumonia, pulmonary contusion, NCPE, CPE, severe inflammatory lung diseaseWhat can cause alveolar lung patterns?False (mixed patterns are common)True or false: lung patterns usually appear as either one or the other, mixed patterns are rareTortuous aortaWhat is the abnormality on this radiograph?Aging change in cats, systemic hypertensionWhat are some causes of a tortuous aorta on a thoracic radiograph?Tracheal position, collapseWhat are some things we look at the trachea on radiographs for?Left atriumWhat part of the heart becoming enlarged can lead to mainstem tracheal collapse?Tracheal deviation from tumorWhat is the abnormality on this radiograph?Silhouette effectWhy can't we see the heart when pleural effusion is present?DVWhich view will be worse with pleural effusion: VD or DV?False (clear the effusion first, it obscures the heart)True or false: it is always a good idea to evaluate the heart on radiographs when pleural effusion is presentGeneralized cardiomegaly, globoid heart, sharp edges, variable vessel size, some pleural effusionWhat are the features of pericardial effusion?Pulmonary metastatic diseaseIf you find pericardial effusion present on a thoracic radiograph, what condition should you look specifically for?Pericardial effusionWhat is the abnormality on this radiograph?