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Anthropology first test

Terms in this set (33)

Cultural relativism
Understanding a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context, without making judgments
Ethnocentrism
- the belief that one's own cultural or way of life is normal and natural; using one's own culture to evaluate and judge the practices and ideals of others (9, 64, 66, 68 69)
Participant observation
- a key anthropological research strategy involving both participation in and observation of the daily life of the people of the study (17-18, 70)
Emic/Etic approaches
Emic an approach to gathering data the investigates how local people think and understand the world
Etic- description of local behavior and beliefs from the anthropologist's perspective in ways that can be compared across cultures (80)
Hanging out
The term Deep Hanging Out was coined by anthropologist Clifford Geertz in 1998 to describe the anthropological research method of immersing oneself in a immersed in a cultural, group or social experience on an informal level
Acculturation
- the processes of change in artifacts, customs and believes that result from the contact of two or more cultures
Enculturation
- process of learning a cultural (34)
Ideal/Real culture
- Thanks for the A2A. Ideal culture refers to practices and norms a culture is supposed to follow. Real culture, on the other hand, refers to practices and norms a culture actually follows. There is always a gap between ideal and real culture, and many reasons can be attributed to it.
Culture shock
- Culture shock is the depression and anxiety experienced by many people when they travel or move to a new social and cultural setting. Although many anthropologist experience culture shock whilst in the field, this is a subject that is rarely discussed in the academic setting.
Studying up
- doing ethnographies not only of disempowered groups, but of groups who wield power in society, perhaps even more than the ethnographers themselves.
Polyvocality
- the practice of using many different voices in ethnographic writing and research question development, allowing the reader to hear more directly from the people in the study (81)
Nancy Scheper-Hughes
Nancy Scheper-Hughes
- Was in the peace crop of Brazil (in slums) before becoming an anthropologist
She discovered the poor mothers would triage there babies
Unlike what she had been taught, some children are not worth saving because god has already taken them
She spent the last 20 years of career to look at slums and poor people in general
Benge poison oracle
- Benge is the 'Poison Oracle' used by the Azande of Central Africa, mainly in Southern Sudan, in which a decision is determined by whether or not a fowl survives being administered a poison. The outcome of the oracle can be taken as law in certain circumstances when a Zande Chief is present.
Australopithecus (Lucy)
genus from Africa living about 1 to 4.2 million years ago
- directly ancestral to humans
Eoanthropus dawsoni
- it was a hoax, the skull that was found by Charles Darwin
Five pillars of faith
- These pillars are Kalima, the testimony of faith; Salat, praying five times a day; Zakat, giving alms; Sawm, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan; and Hajj, which is a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Broca's & Wernicke's areas
- Broca's and Wernicke's areas are cortical areas specialized for production and comprehension, respectively, of human language. Broca's area is found in the left inferior frontal gyrus and Wernicke's area is located in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus.
Sign/Symbol
symbol - anything that represents something else (37-38)
Phoneme
the smallest units of sound that can make difference in meaning (96)
Morpheme
in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
Grammar
in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
Syntax
- the specific patterns and rules for combining morphemes ton construct phrases and sentences (96)
Semantics
- Semantics is the study of a language meaning system. Anthropologists are particularly interested in ethnosemantics, which is the study of semantics within a specific cultural context. Ethnosemantics helps anthropologists understand how people perceive, define, and classify their world.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
- the idea that different languages create different ways of thinking (98)
Genotype/phenotype
the inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism's physical form (124-26)
The way genes are expressed in an organism's physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors (124-26)
Jim Crow
- laws implemented after the US civil war to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the south, after the end of slavery (132)
Miscegenation
a demeaning historical term for interracial marriage (127)
Nativism
the favoring o certain long-term inhabitants, madly whites, over new immigrants (134)
Assimilation
- the process through which minorities accept the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and cease to exist as separate groups.
Hypodescent
- sometimes called the "one drop of blood rule", the assignment of children of racially "mixed" unions to age subordinate group (128,133-34)
Imagined community
- the invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identification with a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never all meet (168)
Curse of Ham
Because Ham was the father of black people, and because he and his descendants were cursed to be slaves because of his sin against Noah, some Christians said, "Africans and their descendants are destined to be servants, and should accept their status as slaves in fulfillment of biblical prophecy."
Chili Incident
chili incident, cafeteria workers were black in little rock though white kids claimed they were not used to blacks
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