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Biology 102 test 2

Terms in this set (39)

Pathogen
A disease causing agent, found in endotoxin or exotoxin, poisons you
Endotoxin
part of the bacteria membrane, when the bacteria dies you become sicker (membrane-dies)
exotoxin
bacteria is actively producing it while still living (alive- actively splitting our heterotroph)
What is normal flora
bacteria that lives on in you, it isn't bothering you enough making it a pathogen
By abundance bacteria in the normal human flora is found...
in large intestine by weight/number
By diversity bacteria in human flora is found...
small intestine this is always good because digestion takes place here
symbiosis
living together, can have a neutral symbiosis
Neutralism:
(0/0) not good or bad
Amensalism
(0,-)
Commensalism
win/ neutral (+/0)
competition
(-,-)
mutualism
win win (+,+)
parasitism
win lose (+,-)
human genes are homologs genes by
inheritance directly from common ancestors
how foes our brain and gut communicate? what network?
nerves -> vagus nerve
micro biome and our immune system examples
thick mucus- healthy
thin mucus layer- unhealthy
high diversity- healthy
low diversity- unhealthy
is there a link between gut bacteria and cancer?
Yes, especially colon cancer, bacteria send out exotoxins that can cause cancer once released in the gut
what place in your body breaks down simple sugar/ starch
mouth
what place in your body breaks down carbohydrates
small fiber
what place in your body breaks down fiber
colon or large intestine because body can not break it down
what place in your body breaks down protein animal
stomach
what place in your body breaks down protein plant
small intestine
what place in your body breaks down fat
small intestine
what is not digested in intestine/ colon?
bacteria, a lot of things get absorbed in here
is there a difference in animal and plant protein in the way we digest
yes there is a different way, dissolves in different places based on different areas of our gut
what happens to bacterial diversity when a human ingest sugar
decreased with sugar
what happens to bacterial diversity when a human ingest fiber
increases w fiber
what is the impact of artificial sweeteners on our micro biome
killsss themmmmm
impact of polyphenols on micro biome
good for you not supplements
are antioxidants bad or good
BAD
Dysbiosis
thrown off in some way that is bad for you, Chronic= always have something wrong with gut bacteria, can chance gut
hygiene hypothesis
washing hands and such kills good bacteria, we need some bacteria
how can we change our gut micro biome?
we can change it by fecal transplant, antibiotics, probiotics and probiotics, and by what we eat
Probiotic
take pill with living microbes/ short term change
prebiotic
long term change/ pill with food/ health microbes love to eat
where do we get our first dose of bacteria and second
First: came from yo mama at child birth
second: skin to skin contact
how does pregnancy change the micro biome
moms oral bacteria shifts, increases in gut bacteria that saves body fat, vaginal microbiome becomes more acidic
How does the birth method (vaginal or c-section) change the micro biome for the baby?
better for the babys overall health
what impact does antibiotic use have on early micro biome
negative for the gut micro biome
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