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NURS 4301 Exam 2 Hypertension

Terms in this set (68)

...
blood pressure is
measurement of force applied to artery walls

systolic= heart contracting- pressure putting on walls

diastolic= heart is refilling up and relaxing
factors that affect cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate= CO

amount of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 minute, average 4-8 L/min
heart rate is affected by
contractility and conductivity
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one in ____ adults in the US has hypertension
3
Blood volume: renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system
1. renin (a hormone from kidneys) produces angiotensin I
-angiotensin I is a basically inactive substance until it is converted to the active angiotensin II

2. angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor
angiotensin II also stimulates secretion of aldosterone (a hormone) from the adrenal medulla

3. aldosterone= sodium and water retention
things that increase blood volume
IV fluids

sodium
things that decrease blood volume
ACEI

ARB

Diuretics

Low sodium diet
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
sympathetic nervous system: vasoconstriction and vasodilation

neurotransmitters:
-norepinephrine
-epinephrine

baroreceptors
when your BP is elevated what regulatory mechanisms happen in your body to decrease your BP
vasodilation

decrease HR

decrease contractility

decrease RAAS
when your BP is decreased what regulatory mechanisms happen in your body to increase your BP
vasoconstriction

increase HR

increase contractility

increase RAAS
stages of BP
JNC 8 recommendations for HTN
for adults 18-59 yrs pharmacologic treatment should be initiated (Stage I HTN)

for adults >60 years pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when:
-systolic is >_ 150 mmHg or diastolic BP is >_ 90 mmHg
Primary (essential) hypertension
elevated BP without an identified cause

90-95% of all cases
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