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Text analysis concepts

Terms in this set (32)

text type
Narrative
Descriptive
Expository
Argumentative
Dialogic
Narrative
its main aim is to sequence actions or events in time.
Descriptive
its main aim is the creation of a mental image in the reader's mind.
Expository
its main aim is to explain and clarify. Objective
Argumentative
its main aim is to convince or persuade. Subjective
Dialogic
texts are made up of verbal exchanges
novel sub-genres
sci-fi, historial, mystery, children's horror, realistic novels, detective fiction
genre
fiction: novel,short story
non-fiction: essay, article, biography, report...
Metafunctions- Halliday
Textual
Interpersonal
Ideational
Textual metafunction
coheres within itself and fits the particular situation in which it is used
Ideational metafunction
organizes the writer's experience of the real or imaginary world.
Interpersonal metafunction
establishes/mantains social relationships among people (reader/writer)
Communicative function-Roman Jakobson
Referential/representational
expressive/emotive
poetive
conative
phatic
metalingual
Referential Function
describes something. Message and context
e.g. "The Earth is round"
expressive function
Language used to show speakers' attitute toward what they're saying. Speaker and message
e.g Wow!
phatic function
establishing and maintaining contact with the hearer. message and channel
e.g. Hi!
poetic function
focuses on the pleasure we obtain from reading or hearing words or texts and shows the relationship between the message and itself.
Conative function
shows the relationship between the message and the adressee. Eg come here
metalingual function
Identifies the significant codes of a text. Message and code
e.g. "What do you mean by 'krill'?"
Style- Leech and Short
Lexical categories
Grammatical categories
Figures of speech
Cohesion and context
Dialectal variety
prose
form of language without metric structure.
speech acts
Austin- three actions related to speech acts.
Locutionary
Illocutionary
Perlocutionary
locutionary act
the performance of an utterance and its meaning
illocutionary act
the intended meaning of the utterance or the conventional force that an utterance is understood to have.
implying something in what we say
make a promise, offer, explanation, etc
perlocutionary act
the effect achieved by an utterance on the hearer
Meronymy
Objects that are all part of another object (e.g. face - eyes, ears, nose)
holonymy
Holonymy defines the relationship between a term denoting the whole and a term denoting a part of, or a member of, the whole. E.g. book is a holonym of page, cover, etc
Anaphoric reference
A word or phrase that refers back to another word or phrase which was used earlier in a written or spoken text.
Cataphoric reference
making reference forwards to something as yet unidentified in a text. E.g. "It was warm. It was living. It was a rabbit."
Exophoric reference
making reference to things beyond the language of a text itself (as opposed to endophoric, which is within the language of the text), perhaps within a speaker's immediate physical context e.g. "Look at that".
Cohesion
refers to the many ways (grammatical, lexical, semantic, metrical, alliterative) in which the elements of a text are linked together. Cohesion differs from coherence in that a text can be internally cohesive but be incoherent - that is, make no sense
coherence
refers to the logical connections that readers or listeners perceive in a written or oral text
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