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Dino Exam 2 SKELETON

Terms in this set (63)

what groups of animals are vertebrates
mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, fish
what's the term of orientation for towards the front, facing you
anterior
towards rear or behind
posterior
towards backbone side "up" direction in most vertebrates
dorsal
towards belly, down
ventral
towards middle
medial
towards side
lateral
closer to body's center
proximal
further away from body's center
distal
what is the skeleton called of skull, spine, ribs, sternum
axial skeleton
what is the skeleton called for the limbs and girdles
appendicular skeleton
what vertebrate doesn't have limbs
fish
what consists of our limbs
1 big bone, 2 big bones, many tiny bones
radius is on what side
thumb
ulna is
connected to humerus and fits in the C shape at proximal part
the scapula is found
over the back
what are skull openings called
fenestrae
what is the foramen magnum
the opening in the back of the skull where spinal cord reaches the brain
what is the opening for the nostril called
naris
what is the bony opening in the roof of the mouth that communicates with the nares called
choana
what are the bony sockets that house the eyeball called
orbit
what is the fenestra located between orbit and naris
antorbital fenestra
what is the only monypheletic group that has antorbital fenestrae
archosaurs (crocs, dinos)
what are the 4 fenestrae for jaw muscles
posttemporal, infra temporal, supra temporal, and mandibular
which fenestra is pair of openings located on rear of the skull in earliest terrestrial vertebrates
posttemporal fenestra
what does post temporal fenestra mean
window behind the temple
which fenestra is a pair of opening sin lower temporal region that reptiles evolved leading to mammals
infratemporal fenestra
what does infra temporal fenestra mean
window below the temple
what fenestra is paired opening sin upper part of temporal region above the infra temporal fenestra found in lizards, snakes, crocs, birds
supra temporal fenestra
what fenestra allows jaw muscles to invade space within lower jaw
mandibular fenestra
the axial skeleton consists of
the vertebral column
what is the vertebrae of the neck called
cervical vertebrae
what is the vertebrae of the back from last cervical vertebra to first vertebra of pelvis
dorsal vertebrae
what is the vertebrae to which the pelvic bones (ilium) attach
sacral vertebrae
what is the vertebrae of the tail called
caudal vertebrae
what are the bones that connect to most types of vertebrae
ribs
what are the caudal vertebrae equipped with that are downwardly projecting bones
haemal arches
what is the breastbone called
sternum
the appendicular skeleton consists of
girdles and limbs
what is the girdle that is the foundation for forelimbs and muscles
pectoral girdle
what's the shoulder blade called
scapula
what's the bone at bottom of scapula and extends towards midline, in mammals it's very small
coracoid
what's the shoulder socket called
glenoid fossa
what's the collarbone called between pectoral girdle and midline of axial skeleton
clavicle
what's the bone that connects clavicles and sternum; not present in all vertebrates
interclavicle
what's the big bone in forelimb
humerus
what's one of the two bones in lower arm that articulates on thumb side
radius
what's one of the two bones in lower arm that articulates with humerus and makes elbow joint
ulna
what are the small bones of the wrist
carpals
what are the long bones of the palm of the hand
metacarpals
what are the finger bones
phalanges
what's the girdle the connects hind limbs to axial skeleton
pelvic girdle
what's the hip socket called
acetabulum
what's the bone of the pelvic girdle that attaches to the sacral vertebrae and largest bone of girdle
ilium
what's the bone that forms the lower front portion of the acetabulum
pubis
what is the bone that forms the lower rear portion of the acetabulum
ischium
the thighbone
femur
part of femur that articulates with acetabulum
head of femur
shin bone, larger bone of two bones in lower leg
tibia
smaller lateral bone in lower leg
fibula
small bones making up ankle joint
tarsals
long bones of sole of foot
metatarsals
toe bones
phalanges
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