CRJ 154 - Chapter 5

Term
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The process of - determines a substance's physical or chemical identity with as near absolute certainty as existing analytical techniques will permit
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Terms in this set (20)
The process of - determines a substance's physical or chemical identity with as near absolute certainty as existing analytical techniques will permit
identification
the number and type of tests needed to identify a substance must be sufficient to - all other substances from consideration
exclude
A(n) - analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a stand/reference specimen to the same tests and examination in order to determine whether they have a common origin
comparison
- is the frequency of occurrence of an event
probability
evidence that can be traced to a common source with an extremely high degree of probably is said to possess - characteristics
individual
evidence associated with a group and not with a single source is said to possess - characteristics
class
true or false: one of the major deficiencies of forensic science is the inability of the examiner to assign exact or approximate probability values to the comparison of most class physical evidence
true
The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to - events with data in a manner that is, as nearly as possible, free of human error and bias
corroborate
the - accorded physical evidence during a trial is left entirely to the trier of fact
significance
true or false: physical evidence cannot be used to exclude or exonerate a person from suspicion of committing a crime
false
true or false: the distinction between individual and class evidence is always easy to makefalsemodern analytical techniques have become so sensitive that the forensic examiner must be aware of the - among materials when interpreting the significance of comparative data.natural variationTrue or false: a fingerprint can be positively identified through the IAFIS databasefalseA database applicable to DNA profiling isCODISAlthough databases are consistently updated so that scientist can assign probabilities to class evidence, for the most part forensic scientist supposed to rely on ______ when interpreting the significance of class physical evidence.personal experienceThe believability of _____ accounts, confessions, and informant testimony can all be disputed, maligned, and subjected to severe attack and skepticism in the quart room.EyewitnessTrue or false: given the potential weight of scientific evidence in a trial setting, failure to take proper safeguards me unfairly prejudice a case against the suspect.TrueStudents studying forensic science must be cautioned that merely reading relevant textbooks and journals is no substitute for ______ in this most practical of sciences.ExperienceTrue or false: both spores and pollen can be identified and used to link a crime scene to an individualTrueTrue or false: spores can be characterized by shape and surface characteristics through a simple visual examination.False