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Psych 223 Lecture 15

Terms in this set (59)

adulthood, twenties, muscle tone, strength, thirties
•Subtle physical changes happen through early _________
•Peak functioning of joints occurs in the _____
•Peak of ____ ____ and ________ in late teens and twenties
▫Begins to decline in _____
twice, body fat, hips, breasts
•Women have ____ the ___ __ of men
▫Concentrated around ____ and _____
10, androgens, bones, estrogens, puberty
•On average, males grow to be __% taller than females
▫_____ promote growth of long ____
▫______ stop such growth at _____
Females, life expectancy, physical disorders, males, stress hormones
•_____ have longer _____ _____ and are less likely to develop ____ ______

•_____ have higher levels of ___ _____
car accidents, suicide
•Primary causes of death from 25-34 years:
▫_________
▫_________
▫Cancer
▫Heart disease
▫Homicide
lifestyle decisions, cultural factors
•Aging is contingent upon _____ ___and _____ _____
reduces risk, aerobic exercise, 30, longevity
•Exercise _____ _____ for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes

▫____ ______stimulates heart and lung functioning

▫Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology recommends __ minutes of moderate physical activity (5+ days a week)
▫
▫Exercise is associated with ______
...
Postformal thought

•Different quality of thinking that can transcend logic and incorporate:
▫Practical experience
▫Moral judgments
▫Values
▫Relativistic thought
▫
•This different quality of thinking has been illustrated in experimental work by Labouvie-Vief
Crystallized intelligence
▫Individual's accumulated information and verbal skills
▫Continues to increase across life span
Fluid intelligence
▫Ability to reason abstractly
▫Begins to decline during middle adulthood
verbal comprehension, memory
•Seattle Longitudinal Study

▫Extensive study of intellectual abilities during adulthood in:
_____ _____
Verbal _____
Numerical ability
Spatial orientation
Inductive reasoning
Perceptual speed
decrease
•Numerical ability and perceptual speed _____ begins in early adulthood
Emotional Intelligence
•ability to use your emotions and the emotions of others effectively to solve problems.
interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, workplace
▫Benefits associated with emotional intelligence:
More satisfying ____ ____
Greater _______
More effective in the _____
emotional intelligence
•Adults adapt more effectively with _____ ______
▫Skilled at perceiving and expressing emotions, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotion effectively
emotion and response, social stressors, depressed
•Women and men differ in experience of _____ ___ ______ to stress
▫Women are more vulnerable to ______ ____, in romance, family, and work
More likely to become _______ in stressful events
Men
_____ are more likely to respond in a fight or flight manner when facing stress
▫Become aggressive, withdraw from social contact, or drink alcohol
women
•When _____ experience stress, they engage in a tend and befriend pattern
▫Seeking social alliances with others, especially friends
Engineering, Physical sciences, Mathematics
•Males tend to be more strongly represented in:
Education, Social sciences
Females tend to be more strongly represented in:
Stereotype threat
when performance suffers because of the awareness of stereotypes held by society about academic abilities
▫Individuals from groups that are typically discriminated against are vulnerable to this threat
Ginzberg's Career Choice Theory
•Stages in choosing a career:
▫1) Fantasy period
▫2) Tentative period
▫3) Realistic period
Fantasy, Tentative, Realistic
Ginzberg's Career Choice Theory
•Stages in choosing a career:
▫1) _____ period
▫2) ______ period
▫3) ________ period
oversimplified, overstate, lower SES
Ginzberg's Career Choice Theory
▫Critics argue that this theory is _____ and could _____ choice that exists especially for those in ___ ___ brackets
0.33, diversity, hours
•Most individuals spend about ____ of their lives at work
▫____ in number of ______ spent per week working
Financial standing, housing
•Work has influence on:
▫_____ _____
▫________
▫Ways in which time is spent
▫Where people live
▫Friendships
▫Health
Communal Professions
•occupations that are focused on relationships
▫Traditionally female jobs
Agentic Professions
•occupations focused on getting things accomplished
▫Traditionally male jobs
illegal
In Canada, it is ______ to advertise a position specifically for one gender
survival jobs, career jobs
Many adults will work at a series of jobs
Young workers shift from "_____ ___" to "____ ____"
Search for job that matches personal interests and goals
Stress levels
Work also influences ____ ____
Main sources of stress include low salaries, lack of advancement opportunities, uncertain job expectations, and long hours
Work satisfaction
_____ ______ is associated with:
Feeling as though their opinions and ideas are valued
Jobs that offer variety
Having influence over others
occupational status, ethnicity, age, marital status
•Friendship during adulthood:
▫Friends are similar with respect to ____ ___, ____, ___, _____ ____, income, education, gender, and religion
Adult female friends
▫often spend time talking
Adult male friends
often spend time in shared activities
male, women
▫____ friendships tends to be more competitive than _____ friendships
Rapport talk
▫Language of conversation
▫Way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships
Report talk
▫Designed to give information
rapport, report, report, rapport
•Women enjoy ____talk more than _____ talk
▫Men prefer ____ talk and display lack of interest in _____ talk
Intimacy vs. isolation
▫Erikson believed that this spanned from postadolescence to the early 30's
Focus on developing intimate relationships with others
Stimulus-value-role theory
•The evolution of a relationship according to Murstein (1976):

▫1) Stimulus stage: largely based on superficial characteristics
▫2) Value stage: similarity of values increases
▫3) Role stage: specific roles are defined and adopted
•
•Criticism of Murstein's theory because there is so much variability in how relationships form
Stimulus stage
1) ____ ___: ▫largely based on superficial characteristics
Role stage
▫3) _____ ____: specific roles are defined and adopted
Value stage
▫2) ____ ___: similarity of values increases
variability
•Criticism of Murstein's theory because there is so much _____ in how relationships form
Romantic partners, secure base
:fulfill some of the same needs for adults as parents do for their children
▫Adults count on romantic partners to be a _____ ___ to return to and obtain comfort and security in stressful times
securely attached
•Young adults who were _____ _____ in romantic relationships were more likely to describe early relationships with parents as securely attached
Secure attachment
▫Positive view of relationships, easy to get close to others, not overly concerned with or stressed out about romantic relationships
Avoidant attachment
▫Hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships
▫Once in a relationship, distance themselves from partners
•Anxious/ambivalent attachment
▫Demand closeness, less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive
•Passionate/Romantic love
▫Strong components of sexuality and infatuation
▫Often predominates in early part of a love relationship
increasingly, interpersonal connections, shy, anxious, misrepresent
•Romantic attractions takes place in person, but ______, over the Internet
▫Online romantic relationships may lose ________ _____
▫May benefit ___ or _____ individuals
▫Many individuals ______ their characteristics
2 years
•Romantic relationships initiated on the Internet are more likely to last for more than _ _____ compared to those in person
Companionate love
▫Occurs when an individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person
▫As love matures, passion gives way to affection
Communication and sexual intimacy
more important in early adulthood, and feelings of emotional security and loyalty more important in later-life love relationships
•Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love
▫Passion - physical and sexual attraction

▫Intimacy - emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing

▫Commitment - cognitive appraisal of relationship and intent to maintain relationship in the face of problems
passion
▫physical and sexual attraction
intimacy
emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing
Commitment
cognitive appraisal of relationship and intent to maintain relationship in the face of problems
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