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Development and Learning Theories Quiz 3

Terms in this set (47)

A child's heart rate ____________ during the preschool years and children lose their baby appearance
Slows down
During these years, children become stronger and more ________________
Coordinated
Children's brains reach ______ of their adult size by age 3
75%
Children's brains reach _________ of their adult size by age 5
90%
The area of the brain that related to planning and decision making, the ___________________, continues to develop
Prefrontal cortex
What years are the most active time in children's lives?
Early Childhood
Involvement of large groups which aid in balance and coordination
Gross motor skills
Boys are more ________________ than girls
Motor driven
Involve small muscle movement and generally require more practice to improve
Fine motor skills
According to Kellogg, how many stages of drawing are there?
4
To be classified as obese, a child's BMI would be at or above the ______ percentile
95
Children need sufficient ______________ to function well in all domains of development
Sleep
Sites of most accidental poisonings in the home
Kitchen, bathrooms, and garages
The 4 stages of drawing
Scribbles, shapes, design, pictorial
18 months to 2 years
Scribble
Uses ______ to represent people, places, and things
Shapes
Uses shapes to make patterns
Design
Uses shapes and lines to make pictures that better represent people, places, and things
Pictorial
An environmental hazard that is entirely preventable is
Second hand smoking
Limitations that children make in Piaget's pre-operational stage
Egocentrism and conservation
Appetites usually decrease from ages ____________
2 to 6
Empathy
Understand others feelings
Sympathy
Feeling sorry or concerned for others
Overall opinion a person has about his or her abilities, strengths and weaknesses
Self concept
The judgement children make about their overall self worth
Self esteem
Ability to voluntarily control our thoughts an actions to achieve personal goals
Self regulation
Aggression is _________ in preschool (hitting, kicking, biting, etc.)
Common
Refers to the social and physiological dimensions of being male or female
Gender
Sense of self as male or female and beliefs about gender roles and attributes
Gender identity
Gender cannot be altered with superficial transformations in appearance or behavior
Gender consistency
Ways to enhance children's language development
Describe everything to them, talk to them, read to them
Pros of digital media for young children
There are educational apps and websites that children can use to learn letters and numbers, etc.
Cons of digital media for young children
Obesity, eye strain, aggressive behavior, anxieties, negative impact on creativity, language development, and achievement
Why is symbolic play important
Promotes abstract and creative thinking
6 levels of social play
Unoccupied, onlooker, solitary, parallel, associative, cooperative
Ot engaged in any activity
Unoccupied
Observation of other children engages in specific activity
Onlooker
Only concerned with self, not aware of the presence of other children
Solitary
Playing next to another child, but not really interacting with another child (2 children)
Parallel
More interaction with other children but still not collaborative; uses language to share items and make comments on other children's work
Associative
Actively sharing toys and materials; coordination of activities
Cooperative
Types of child abuse
Physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, and exposure to family violence
What are the three most common forms of child abuse
Extreme neglect, emotional abuse, and exposure to family violence
Word meanings
Semantics
Word order
Syntax
Receptive vocabulary
Around 20,000 words
2-3 year olds can speak 400 words
Expressive vocabulary
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