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Chapter 12 Study Guide

Terms in this set (40)

Why were results of Hershey-Chase experiment important?
Helped us along the path to our current understanding of dna, genetics, and heredity.
The results were important because they showed that the bacteriophage's genetic material was DNA, not protein.
When Griffith injected a mixture of heat killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into his test mice what happened?
The mice developed pneumonia
What makes up the nucleotide found in DNA?
Five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, nitrogenous base
When dna replicates, two dna molecules results. what are they?
Each with one new strand and one original strand
What happens during mitosis?
DNA molecules become more tightly coiled
What is RNA made of?
A long chain of nucleotides (nucleotide: 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base)
What happens during transcription when an RNA molecule is formed?
Dna used as template to make an RNA molecule. RNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosome in cytoplasm, where translation occurs
What types of rna are found in protein synthesis?
Messenger rna, Ribosomal rna, transfer rna
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
9 codons are needed
Intron
Sequences of nucleotides in dna of eukaryotic genes
tRNA (transfer RNA)
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Polypeptide
Long, continuous, and unbranched peptide chain
Anticodon
tRNA molecule with three unpaired bases, complementary to mRNA codon
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
messenger RNA
Types of gene mutations
substitution, insertion, deletion
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