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A&P NS

Terms in this set (45)

Which of the following describe events in the postsynaptic neuron at an inhibitory synapse?
large chloride ion influx, postsynaptic neuron hyperpolarizes, reduced likelihood of an action potential
The brachial plexus is formed from the ventral roots of spinal nerves emerging at which ONE of the following vertebral levels?
C5-T1
The spinal cord terminates at the medullary cone at which ONE of the following vertebral levels?
L2
The portion of the ventricular system that is contained within the midbrain portion of the CNS is the __________.
cerebral aqueduct
Which of the following describes leakage channels?
Independent of any stimuli, Open and close randomly, Plasma membrane contains a higher portion of potassium
The phenomenon of an action potential that occurs fully when a stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response can be best described as?
All or nothing
The eustachian tube connects the ________________.
middle ear cavity and throat
Which of the following layers of the eye is responsible for preventing light entering the eyeball and maintaining the eye shape?
Sclera
The thalmus, hypothamlum and epithalmus are located in the mesencephalon portion of the brainstem.
False
Which ONE of the following cranial nerves transmits parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to the majority of the viscera of the body?
Vagus Nerve
Which of the following are regulated by the enteric nervous system?
You may select more than one option.
peristalsis, glandular secretions of the gut
Which of the following substances readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier?
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, alcohol
Receptors that respond to painful stimuli belong to which ONE of the following categories?
nociceptors
What is the term for the type of action potential conduction that seems to 'jump' between the nodes of Ranvier?
saltatory propagation, saltatory, saltatory conduction
Which of the following cranial nerves is most closely associated with our ability to chew?
trigeminal nerve
Which of the following can be described as the resting membrane potential?
The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane
All of the visual information crosses to the opposite side at the optic chiasma.
False
All of the following are a form of lingual papillae EXCEPT:
mallate papillae
Which of the following receives and processes olfactory information directly from the olfactory bulbs?
Primary olfactory cortex
The Fungiform papillae are innervated by which cranial nerve?
Facial
What is the arterial supply of the choroid?
Ciliary arteries
Which ONE of the following types of neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
acetylcholine
Which TWO of the following reflexes might you expect to be initiated if you accidentally trod on a sharp pebble while barefoot?
Flexor and extensor reflex
Horizontal groove that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe above.
Lateral sulcus
Groove that descends downwards and forwards from the top of the brain hemisphere and divided the frontal and parietal lobes.
Central sulcus
The system of the brain that is the main area involved in emotion and learning.
Limbic system
Which of the following cranial nerves innervate muscles that move the neck?
accesory nerve
After the onset of an action potential, there is a period during which a neuron cannot generate further action potentials in response to normal threshold stimuli. This is best described as?
Refractory period
Mechanically gated ion channels open in response to?
Pressure
What are the following ways in which gustatory transduction occurs?
Direct passage, Depolarization of gustatory receptor, Use of secondary messengers
Which ONE of the following cranial nerves leaves the head and neck region to innervate much of the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
X
Which TWO of the following receive cholingergic postganglionic sympathetic innervation?
some blood vessels within skeletal muscle, Sweat Glands
The region of the diencephalon that acts as a major relay center for sensory stimuli
Thalamus
The part of the brain located between the cerebrum and the brainstem.
diencephalon
The type of neuron that typically has multiple dendrites and a single axon extending from their cell body is called:
Multipolar neuron
The longest cranial nerve, which supplies the organs of the thoracic and abdominal viscera.
Vagus (X)
A sensory nerve of the face and head that has three branches.
trigeminal (V)
A cranial nerve that controls muscles of the tongue.
hypoglossal (XII)
The portion of the ventricular system that is contained within the midbrain portion of the CNS is the __________.
cerebral aqueduct
When is the plasma membrane considered to be depolarized?
Cystoplasmic side of the plasma membrane becomes less negatively charged
What are the factors that contribute to creating a resting membrane potential?
Trapped anions in the cytosol, Movement of cations through leakage channels, Maintenance of resting membrane potential through Na+/K+ ATPases
Which neural layer of the eye is responsible for containing ONLY cone photoreceptors?
Macula lutea
Which of the following layers of the eye is responsible for preventing light entering the eyeball and maintaining the eye shape?
Sclera
Which of the following receives and processes olfactory information directly from the olfactory bulbs?
Limbic system
The incus bone is attached to the oval window
False
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