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Chapter 9 & 11 AP HUG Vocab/ shortlisted terms

Terms in this set (39)

active solar energy systems
Solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors
adolescent fertility rate
The number of births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19
biomass fuel
Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste
breeder reactor
A nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium
demand
the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy
MDC
A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development.
development
A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.
fair trade
An alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organization, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.
female labor force participation
The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home
fission
The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.
foreign direct investment (fdi)
Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.
fossil fuel
An energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago
Fracking (hydraulic fracturing)
The pumping of water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas
fusion
Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.
gii
A measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality
geothermal energy
Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks.
GDP
the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy
GNI
The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country
housing bubble
a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value
HDI
Human Development Index, measure of quality of life using factors like life expectancy, literacy, access to clean water, income, etc.
hydroelectic power
power that is derived from the movement of falling water
Microfinance
provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries
productivity
The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.
secondary sector
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.
tertiary sector
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.
acid depostition
Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, that enter the atmosphere- where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid- and return to Earth's surface.
acid precipitation
Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog
bulk gaining industry
An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.
bulk reducing industry
An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.
cottage industry
Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.
labor intensive industry
An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
maquiladora
A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.
Outsourcing
A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.
ozone
A form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two.
point source pollution
pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source
right to work law
A U.S. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment.
site factors
Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital.
situation factors
Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.
vertical intergration
An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.
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