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Valley!!

Terms in this set (753)

What is the definition of IBW? How do you calculate it for men and women?
A concept defined by life insurance companies. It is the weight associated with the lowest mortality rate for a given height and gender.

Women: height (cm) - 105
Men: height (cm) - 100
What are the classifications of obesity based on BMI?
<18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
30-34.9 Obese
35- 39.9 Obese (II)
>40 Morbid Obesity
>50 Superobese
>60 Super, super obese
Describe android obesity.
Characterized by adipose tissue located in the upper body, associated with increased O2 consumption and incidence of CV disease particularly left ventricular dysfunction
Describe gynecoid obesity.
Adipose tissue is located in the hips, buttocks, and thigh. Fat is less metabolically active so less closely associated with CV disease
What the waist measurement for men and women that indicates increased risk?
Men: >102 cm (40 inches)
Women: >88 cm (35 inches)
What are some airway changes in the obese patient?
1. Decreased pharyngeal area
2. Excess hypopharyngeal tissue
3. Posteriorly displaced hyoid bone affecting view on laryngoscopy
4. Pharyngeal long-axis oriented in the antero-posterior direction instead of the transverse direction
Lung compliance _______ and chest wall compliance ________ in the obese patient.
Decreases, decreases
When do small airways begin to close?
FRC falls below closing capacity, a V/Q mismatch arises which results in CO2 retention, right to left shunting, and arterial hypoxemia
How much is FRC reduced in the obese patient?
50% compared to 20% in the nonobese
Obesity increases oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production even at rest. How does the body try to compensate?
Increasing CO and alveolar ventilation, the patient typically exhibits chronic arterial hypoxemia which may promote pulm HTN and cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure)
What is the most sensitive indicator of the effect of obesity on pulmonary function?
ERV
Which lung volumes decrease in the obese patient, which ones do not?
Decrease: TLC, FRC, ERV

Unchanged: TV, RV, CC
What is the typical breathing pattern of the obese patient?
Rapid, shallow breathing, characteristic of restrictive disease
What is obstructive sleep hypopnea?
Milder precursor to OSA and is defined as partial decreased airflow (>50% reduction), lasting at least 10 seconds, occuring >15 times, and accompanied by at least a 4% reduction in arterial oxygenation
What are the risk factors for OSA in the obese patient?
male, middle-aged, BMI>30, and evening alcohol consumption
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