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Chapter 2 - U.S. History

Terms in this set (61)

what were the conquistadors?
spanish military explorers searching for gold and spreading religion
what was the capital of the aztec empire?
tenochtitlan
why was cortes interested in the aztec empire?
territory and vast wealth
who was the aztec emperor when cortes arrived in the capital?
montezuma
why was cortes able to defeat the aztec army and conquer the aztecs?
weapons, diseases, and allies
after conquering the aztec, what did cortes call the new colony he established on the aztec ruins and what was the name of the capital of his new colony?
new spain, mexico city
who were the mestizos?
a mixed person (native american and spanish)
explain the encomienda system.
spanish forced natives to hard labor until they died.
who was the spanish conquistador that was sent to explore florida?
juan ponce de leon
what is the oldest european founded city in the present day united states?
st. augustine
what was the name of the road built to connect santa fe with mexico city?
el camino real "the royal road"
what was the name of the pueblo religious leader that led a rebellion against spanish rule in 1608?
pope
in 1588, which event ended spain's naval dominance in the atlantic?
english destroyed the spanish armada sent to conquer england
explain how a joint-stock company operated.
investors pooled their wealth into a colony that would hopefully yield profit
in 1606 A.D. king james I of england granted a charter to what company to establish a colony in north america?
the virginia company
how did virginia receive its name?
in honor of queen elizabeth, the virgin queen
who tried to establish an english colony in 1585 A.D. but failed?
sir walter raleigh
what was the name of the english colony established in 1587 A.D. and what happened to it?
roanoke, we don't know
what was the name of the first permanent english colony established in 1607 A.D.?
jamestown
what factors contributed to the near failure of jamestown?
too concerned with gold, contaminated water, angry native americans
what was the name of the native american tribe that helped supply the english colonists at jamestown with food during their first year in america?
powhatan
why is the year 1609 A.D. in the jamestown colony called the "starving time"?
natives destroyed their food because of new colonists
what crop became a "cash crop" for the jamestown colony and made the colony profitable?
tobacco
which english colonist was able to cross breed native american tobacco with tobacco from brazil to creat a high desirable type of tobacco?
john rolfe
what was an indentured servant?
in exchange for passage to north america became servants for usually 2 to 4 years
who brought the first africans to virginia in 1619 A.D.?
dutch merchant ship
who was the daughter of chief powhatan that married john rolfe in 1614 A.D.?
pocohantas
what is a royal colony?
colony under direct control of the king
the first representative body of government in colonial america was called the?
house of burgesses
what was the name of the armed uprising by the poor colonists led by nathaniel bacon against governer barkley?
bacon's rebellion
what did the puritans want to do to the church of england?
purify/reform it
who was the leader of the puritans that came to north america to create a model new society termed "a city upon a hill"
john winthrop
which king of england broke away from the roman catholic church?
king henry 8
the separatists that came to america in 1620 A.D. were called?
pilgrims
what is the name of the colony established by the pilgrims in america, it's the 2nd permanent english colony in north america?
plymouth colony
how were the separatists different from other puritans?
separatists have their own church and preacher, puritans belong to the church
what is the name of the ship that the pilgrims traveled on to reach america?
mayflower
what was the first governmental document signed in the new american colonies?
the mayflower compact
explain the importance of why the mayflower compact is significant to the american idea of government.
established majority rule and self government
what was the name of the colony established by john winthrop and what became the capital city of the colony?
massachusetts bay colony, boston
what were the men called that could vote in the massachusetts bay colony?
freemen
explain what the stocks or pillory were.
device that holds down an offender for public display
who was the separatist-puritan that broke away from the massachusetts bay colony and established the providence colony in present day rhode island?
roger williams
what two principles did providence guarantee that massachusetts did not?
separation of church and state and religious freedom
why was anne hutchinson banished from the massachusetts bay colony?
taught that you don't need the church, just the bible
what was the name of the first major war fought between the colonists and native americans over land in connecticut?
pequot war
what was the name of the war fought between the wampanoag and the puritans?
king philip's war
what was the name of the religious group that william penn joined in 1667 A.D.?
society of friends (quakers)
who did the english sea captain henry hudson sail for?
the dutch
what was the name of the colony established by the dutch west india company in 1621 A.D.?
new amsterdam
what is the city new amsterdam known as today?
new york city
what were the important characteristics of the colony of new netherlands?
large ethnic diversity, friendlier relationship with natives
why did king charles II want to drive the dutch out of north america?
new netherland separated the english colonies
what did the english rename new netherland?
new york
how did quaker beliefs compare to puritan beliefs?
both believed that god was in each person, quakers believed you didn't have to have ministers
what did william penn refer to his colony in america as?
a holy experiment
what city served as the capital of pennsylvania? (penn's woods)
philidelphia
what was the name of the land given by king charles I to lord george calvert the first lord baltimore?
maryland
the land between virgina and spanish florida was given by king charles II to a group of his loyal supporters, what was the name given to these lands?
the carolinas (north carolina and south carolina)
the colony of georgia was organized in 1732 A.D. and was named in honor of which english king?
george II
what was the original intent for the georgia colony?
a buffer between spanish florida and the english colonies
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