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Which scandal led to the resignation of Richard Nixon?WatergateWhich case indicated that the president's power of executive privilege is not absolute?United States v. NixonPresident Trump signed more executive orders than any other recent president in his first 100 days in office. Some notable ones were to reverse the Affordable Care Act and ban admission to the U.S. for a range of immigrants and refugees. These instructions do not require congressional approval. This exemplifies the power of the president to issuepresidential directivesWhen a president signs a bill into law, he can issue written remarks that reflect his interpretation of the law that are not required or authorized by the Constitution. These remarks are calledsigning statementsWhat is the Federal Register?Official record of government regulationsIn which case did the Supreme Court rule that the president could not seize domestic property when the U.S. was at war abroad?Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. SawyerPursuant to the War Powers Act, how many days may the president send troops into military conflict without an official declaration of war or authorization from Congress?No more than 90Which case blocked the Bush administration from denying habeas corpus privileges to an enemy combatant who was a U.S. citizen?Hamdi v. RumsfeldWho controls the flow of staff and paperwork, focuses the president's attention on key issues, monitors the coherence of presidential policies across cabinet departments, serves as a referee for disagreements among senior staff members, and forms bridges between the president and Congress?Chief of staffWhich president appointed the first chief of staff?Dwight D. EisenhowerWhich first lady showed her support for civil rights by arranging for the first African American opera singer to perform on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial?Eleanor RooseveltWhich president's program, known as the New Deal, was designed to address problems associated with the Great Depression?Franklin RooseveltLyndon Johnson's federal social welfare programs became known as theGreat SocietyBecause he came across well on television, Ronald Reagan is referred to ashe "Great Communicator"Which major controversy marred the presidency of Ronald Reagan?Iran-Contra scandalWhat set of laws regulates political and social life in order to meet a need or accomplish a goal?Public policyGovernment seeks public policy thatmaximizes benefits and minimizes costsWhere does the government maintain official records of all executive branch rules, regulations, and orders?Federal RegisterIn 1952, Oregon was the first state to issue comprehensive legislation concerning air pollution. From then on, other states began implementing similar legislations. This example demonstrates what process?Policy diffusionThe first step in the policy process, where there is recognition that something might warrant government action, is known as what?Problem identificationWhat program provides low-income individuals with a subsidy for food that is funded through general taxation?Supplemental Nutrition Assistance ProgramWhat determines the amount of Social Security retired workers receive?The amount of time they worked while paying into the programWhich program provides health insurance for people over the age of 65 and the disabled?MedicareA pregnant woman whose family income falls below the U.S. federal poverty level needs an ultrasound and other forms of prenatal care. To which program can she turn?MedicaidWhat is the primary purpose of the Affordable Care Act (aka. Obamacare)?Extend health insurance coverage to uninsured AmericansThe Department of Justice, the Department of State, and which other department share jurisdiction over immigration policy?Department of Homeland SecurityWhich program was meant to help children who entered the country illegally with their parents gain citizenship if they met certain requirements?DREAM ActIn 2010, which state passed a law allowing police officers to inquire about immigration status when individuals were stopped for another police inquiry?ArizonaWhich office was created to implement the 1970 Clean Air ActEnvironment Protection Agency (EPA)What describes government use of taxing and spending as a method of intervening in the economy?Fiscal policyWho nominates the board of governors that leads the Federal Reserve System?The presidentWhat policy encourages the exchange of goods between countries with the requirement that working conditions and wages be comparable between the two countries?Fair tradeWhich countries actively participate in the North American Free Trade Agreement?Canada, Mexico, and the United StatesThe League of Nations is a provision of a treaty that ended which war?World War IDuring which war did nations align themselves either with democracy or communism?Cold WarDuring the moments following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush instructed his vice president to force any suspicious planes in U.S. airspace to land immediately. If the pilots did not comply, Bush ordered the planes to be shot down. Which role of the presidency is Bush fulfilling?Commander in chiefIn 1970, what was created to discourage the development of nuclear weapons technology?Nuclear Non-Proliferation TreatyWho is responsible for formulating foreign policy using nonmilitary methods?Department of StateWhat nation is the largest shareholder in the World Bank?United StatesWhich U.S.-government funded organization, established in 1961, sends individuals on educational and cultural missions around the globe?Peace CorpsWhat is the minimum age for a House of Representatives member and a U.S senator, respectively?25; 30Why did the Framers establish Congress as a bicameral institution?To allow each chamber to check each other's powerPrior to the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, how were senators elected?By selection from members of state legislaturesWhat are the terms of office in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, respectively?Six; twoWhich political body is subject to redistricting, or the redrawing of the boundaries of congressional districts in a state to make them approximately equal in population size?House of RepresentativesIn recent sessions, how do the House and Senate compare demographically to the U.S. population?Women and ethnic minorities make up smaller percentages in the House and Senate than their percentages in the overall U.S. population.Redrawing district boundaries so most voters in a district favor one party is calledgerrymanderingMost congressional powers are listed in which section of the Constitution?Article I, Section 8Where do bills concerning raising revenue originate?House of RepresentativesIn July 2017, President Trump nominated Judge Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court. This judicial nomination required the approval by two-thirds of the Senate in a Congressional power known asadvice and consentCongress may remove judges and executive officials from office viaimpeachmentWhat authority given to Congress has been the most instrumental in expanding its power relative to the other branches of government?Taxation and appropriationWhich Supreme Court case established judicial review whereby laws could be declared unconstitutional?Marbury v. MadisonWhich is the top leadership position in the House of Representatives?Speaker of the HouseWho was the first female Speaker of the House?Nancy PelosiWho can break a tie vote in the Senate?Vice presidentWhich type of congressional committee is permanent and reports to the full chamber?StandingIn the summer of 2017, Connecticut senator Christopher S. Murphy took control of the Senate floor for 15 hours in an attempt to force the majority leader, Senator Mitch McConnell, to allow votes on Democrats' amendments to an annual bill that sought to tighten U.S. gun laws. In what tactic is Murphy engaging?FilibusterThe only way to stop a filibuster is by invoking cloture, a motion to end debate that requires a supermajority. How many senators constitute a supermajority?60To which collective body does unanimous consent apply?SenateThe president may wait for Congress to go out of session and simply not sign a bill. This decision is called a(n)pocket vetoHow do freshman congress members typically choose their committee assignments?Based upon the needs of their district or stateIn 2012, the Washington Post reported that a Georgia congressman secured $6.3 million in taxpayer money to replenish a beach close to his vacation home. Similarly, a Michigan representative secured $486,000 to build a bike lane near her home. While the ethics behind these actions are questionable, they are legal. What type of funding projects are these congresspeople using?EarmarksMembers of Congress may send mail to their constituents free of charge. This is calledfrankingThe way members of Congress portray themselves to constituents is known ashome styleWho are the president's key advisers responsible for carrying out federal policies for areas under their jurisdictions?CabinetWhich section of the Constitution gave the president the power of appointment and helped lay the foundations of the modern bureaucracy?Article IIThe Framers wanted to make sure the president followed the intent of Congress, but they gave him wide discretion in how he carried out the laws. In Article II, Section 3, they gave him the power to "take Care that the Laws befaithfully executedThe federal bureaucracy is a collection of departments, agencies, boards, and commissions that carry out the responsibilities of the federal government for which group?Executive branchWhich office has final authority over the federal budget?Office of Management and BudgeWhich federal organization issues regulations and creates policy like reducing waste and chemical risks, protecting U.S. water supplies, and limiting emissions from coal-fired plants?Environmental Protection Agency"The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is the principal Federal agency responsible for programs concerned with the Nation's housing needs, fair housing opportunities, and improvement and development of the Nation's communities...It takes steps to encourage a strong private sector housing industry that can produce affordable housing; and to stimulate private sector initiatives, public/private sector partnerships, and public entrepreneurship." What is this formal summary that agencies like HUD offer to the general public called?MissionWho is ultimately responsible for the policy decisions that come out of a federal department?SecretaryWhat is the primary disadvantage to the hierarchical decision-making process that exists within the federal bureaucracy?It can present an obstacle to speedy decision making.The Department of Homeland Security was created to purportedly remedy the lack of coordination among the nation's national security and disaster relief agencies. The new department consolidated several key units that had been operating independently and created new intelligence offices that would try to serve as bridges between the FBI and the CIA. Which component of a bureaucracy was this change meant to fix?CultureWhich department or agency is responsible for promoting road safety by trying to limit drunk driving?National Highway Transportation Safety AdministrationWhat were the first three departments created by Congress in 1789?State, Treasury, and WarWhy was the Department of the Interior established?To regulate the sale of federal lands and the management of Indian affairsThe terrorist attacks of 9/11 prompted the creation of which department?Homeland SecuritySigned into law by President Chester A. Arthur in 1883, the first reform that helped slowly change the federal bureaucracy from a corrupt, partisan insider organization to a neutral, policy-based organization is known as thePendleton ActFederal employees who have connections to politically powerful people, who have participated in other presidential administrations, and/or who carry out the president's political and partisan agenda are calledpolitical appointeesWhat were the layer of federal employees President Eisenhower appointed to oversee civil service employees?Schedule C appointeesWhich group is comprised of experienced personnel the president assigns to senior management positions throughout the federal bureaucracy?Senior Executive ServiceIn the early days of government, civil service jobs were given to those who pledged their loyalty to the president. What was this early system called?PatronageThe Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 led to the creation of which agency?Office of Personnel ManagementWho exercises power of the purse to keep the bureaucracy accountable and responsive?CongressCongress can hold the bureaucracy accountable through which two powers that allow it to evaluate federal agencies and withhold funds if there are dissatisfactions?Authorization and appropriationIn 1966, which act established a procedure by which ordinary citizens could directly request nonclassified reports from the federal government for a nominal fee?Freedom of InformationWhich act was created in response to the mistrust of the federal government that grew out of the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal?Government in the SunshineWhich description best depicts whistleblowers?Individuals who report mismanagement, corruption, or illegal activity within their agenciesThe reason delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention moved to a federalist system is they recognized the system of government established by the Articles of Confederation was failing (T/F)TrueIn which system of government does ultimate authority rest with regional governments (e.g., state governments) and hardly any power is granted to the national government?ConfederalWhich level of government has the most power in a confederation?StateWhich level of government has the most power in a unitary system?NationalWhich amendment declares "powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people"?TenthWhat powers belong to both the federal and state governments?ConcurrentWhat law makes an act illegal after the fact?Ex post factoIn the 1967 case Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court declared that under the Constitution "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual, and cannot be infringed by the State." Which amendment is violated when a state like Virginia denies people the freedom to marry on the basis of racial classifications?FourteenthWhich clause makes the Constitution more powerful than state law?Supremacy clauseThe fact that a same-sex marriage performed in Massachusetts is valid in any other state is based on what constitutional clause?The full faith and credit clauseWhich clause requires that states treat people from other states equally to their own residents?The privileges and immunities clauseHow did Alexander Hamilton's and Thomas Jefferson's preferred governments differ?Hamilton favored nation-centered government, and Jefferson favored state-centeredSpeaking to the U.S. Senate in 1850, Daniel Webster proclaims, "Peaceable secession! Sir, your eyes and mine are never destined to see that miracle. There can be no such thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility." Which political action is Webster opposing here?Wanting to withdraw from a nation-stateWhich Supreme Court case resolved the debate over the national authority to establish a bank?McCulloch v. MarylandWhich Supreme Court case ruled that the federal government had no authority to regulate slavery in the territories?Dred Scott v. SandfordWhich amendment prohibited slavery throughout the nation?ThirteenthWhose New Deal and Great Society programs expanded federal authority?Franklin Roosevelt's; Lyndon Johnson'sWhat plan favored by President Richard Nixon gave the states the greatest amount of leeway in spending money from the national government?General revenue-sharingWhich plan did President Reagan favor for giving money to the states?Block grantsMost governors have the power to veto certain parts of a bill. What is this called?Line-item vetoWhich of the following powers is granted to governors in all fifty states?The authority to veto laws subject to override by the state legislaturesIn which plan for selecting state judges does a board of experts recommend candidates to the governor, who then selects judges from the list?Missouri PlanWhile waiting for the commuter train, a woman with a clipboard and pen approaches you. She asks you to sign a petition that would potentially remove a candidate from office before his term expires. You listen to her argument and then sign the list. In what procedure are you participating?RecallReferendum and initiative are forms of direct democracy used by the states (T/F)TrueAs of 2018, a number of states have legalized marijuana for medicinal or recreational use. Which system allows for this variation?Federalism
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