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U7 Development of the South and Reform Movements

Terms in this set (35)

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote about which of the following in his essays and lectures?

a. He rejected traditional Biblical teachings and promoted atheism.
b. He argued that people should reject old conventions and discover their original relation with nature.
c. He defended traditional Calvinist theology, which had been challenged by the Second Great Awakening.
d. He suggested that science and technology would lead humankind into a new era of enlightenment.
b. He argued that people should reject old conventions and discover their original relation with nature.
The American Lyceum movement of the 1830s engaged in which of the following efforts?

a. Promoting the spread of knowledge through public lectures
b. Advocating social nonconformity and civil disobedience
c. Ending the era of utopian communal experiments
d. Encouraging mob violence like the violence that killed Joseph Smith
a. Promoting the spread of knowledge through public lectures
Which of the following describes the purpose of Henry David Thoreau's book Walden?

a. It was written to document Walden's spiritual search for meaning beyond the artificiality of "civilized" life.
b. It was intended to serve as a guidebook for others who wanted to learn how to survive alone in the woods.
c. The book sought to advise farmers on practical matters that would increase the profitability of small farms.
d. It warned of the dangers that could arise from too many efforts to promote and create social reform.
a. It was written to document Walden's spiritual search for meaning beyond the artificiality of "civilized" life.
Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, and Ralph Waldo Emerson were well known for their involvement in which of the following movements?

a. Temperance
b. Prison reform
c. Educational reform
d. Transcendentalism
d. Transcendentalism
Who was a critic for the New York Tribune, an editor of The Dial, and the author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century?

a. Harriet Beecher Stowe
b. Susan B. Anthony
c. Angelina Grimké
d. Margaret Fuller
d. Margaret Fuller
Which of the following did Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville have in common?

a. Both celebrated the positive potential of the individual.
b. They wrote mostly of the past and ignored current realities in the United States.
c. Both warned against the restrictions imposed on individuals by social groups.
d. They criticized transcendentalism and warned against excessive individualism.
d. They criticized transcendentalism and warned against excessive individualism.
Which of the following describes the residents of the Brook Farm community of the 1840s?

a. Brook Farm's residents pioneered the use of advanced farming techniques.
b. They practiced nineteenth-century versions of free love and communism.
c. They wanted to combine farming with study and a lively intellectual life.
d. Brook Farm's residents consisted mostly of families and single women.
c. They wanted to combine farming with study and a lively intellectual life.
In the late 1840s and the 1850s, Emersonians did which of the following?

a. Abandoned their quest to create new social institutions
b. Rejected cash donations from wealthy followers, calling such donations "tainted funds"
c. Created dozens of utopian settlements throughout New England and the Midwest
d. Suggested that most workers were incapable of higher learning
a. Abandoned their quest to create new social institutions
Which of the following describes the nineteenth-century Shakers?

a. They believed men were spiritually weaker than women.
b. They excluded African Americans in order to maintain racial purity.
c. Men greatly outnumbered women in Shaker communities.
d. They allowed both women and men to govern their communities.
d. They allowed both women and men to govern their communities.
Which of the following describes the Fourierist movement in America?

a. Fourierists inspired Susan B. Anthony and helped launch the women's rights movement.
b. It demonstrated the difficulty of creating enduring utopian communities.
c. Mormonism was founded on the principles of Fourierism.
d. It created a lasting and uniquely American style of furniture.
b. It demonstrated the difficulty of creating enduring utopian communities.
Why are the Oneidians, Shakers, and Fourierists historically significant?

a. All of these groups exercised great influence over American politics.
b. These utopians all criticized capitalism but made tremendous profits through manufacturing.
c. They repudiated heterosexual sex and sexuality.
d. They articulated criticisms of the class divisions created by the market economy.
d. They articulated criticisms of the class divisions created by the market economy.
Which of the following describes The Book of Mormon, published in 1830?

a. It was a historical account of the Mormons' westward migration to Utah.
b. It claimed that Jesus Christ visited an ancient American civilization soon after his resurrection.
c. The book offered a detailed explanation and justification of the Mormons' social philosophy.
d. The book was written anonymously by anti-Mormons to discredit Mormon beliefs.
b. It claimed that Jesus Christ visited an ancient American civilization soon after his resurrection.
Which of the following factors was critical in the ballooning populations of cities like New York in the mid-nineteenth century?

a. The rapid increase in life expectancy
b. America's relatively high birthrate
c. Immigration
d. The growth of urban culture
c. Immigration
Which of these factors contributed to the tremendous increase in commercialized sex in the new cities of the mid-nineteenth century?

a. Mainstream churches' timidity about addressing sexual issues explicitly
b. The subsistence wages and exploitative conditions of women's jobs
c. An influx of immigrants from southern and eastern European counties
d. Cities' refusal to pass legislation banning prostitution and pornography
b. The subsistence wages and exploitative conditions of women's jobs
In the early 1800s, free blacks in the North were encouraged to "elevate" themselves through which of the following activities?

a. Legal reform
b. Temperance
c. Political activism
d. Forming friendships with whites
b. Temperance
In his 1829 pamphlet, An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker did which of the following?

a. He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed.
b. He appealed to the religious consciences of slaveholders to recognize slavery as being morally wrong.
c. He approved of colonization programs to establish an African republic for freed American slaves.
d. He urged slaves not to rebel but to seek comfort in their relationships and religious activities instead.
a. He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed.
As a result of Turner's Rebellion, the Virginia legislature did which of the following in the 1830s?

a. It refused to even consider a bill providing for gradual emancipation and colonization.
b. It debated but rejected a bill providing for gradual emancipation and colonization.
c. It adopted a resolution supporting the colonization of all of Virginia's free blacks.
d. It called on slave owners to treat their slaves more humanely in order to prevent future slave rebellions.
b. It debated but rejected a bill providing for gradual emancipation and colonization.
How did women participate in the abolition movement in the mid-eighteenth century?

a. Female abolitionists often discussed issues of slavery among themselves, but they had limited involvement in the movement.
b. Women were not active in the abolition movement.
c. Women interested in abolition attended meetings with their husbands but did not actively participate in the societies.
d. Women abolitionists established influential groups such as the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.
d. Women abolitionists established influential groups such as the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.
In their book American Slavery as It Is, Theodore Dwight Weld and the Grimké sisters

a. presented testimony from individual southerners about the evils of slavery.
b. refuted William Lloyd Garrison's position on the necessity of African colonization.
c. openly criticized individuals who did not agree with their views on slavery.
d. appealed to the economic interests of southerners by arguing that slavery was unprofitable.
a. presented testimony from individual southerners about the evils of slavery.
Abolitionist leaders used which of the following in their crusade to end slavery in the middle of the 1800s?

a. Lecture tours demanding the end of the international slave trade
b. Aid to fugitive slaves
c. Continuous demonstrations against slavery outside the White House
d. Financial support for free blacks willing to foment rebellion in the South
b. Aid to fugitive slaves
Why did many northern wage earners not support abolition in the mid-eighteenth century?

a. Wageworkers feared that freed blacks would work for lower wages and compete for jobs.
b. The northerners supported slavery only because of the belief of black inferiority.
c. They were interested in maintaining the English Protestant society of the North.
d. They did not want the Baptists beliefs held by many slaves to spread to the North.
a. Wageworkers feared that freed blacks would work for lower wages and compete for jobs.
By the early 1840s, Garrison and his supporters in the American Anti-Slavery Society had transformed their agenda in which of the following ways?

a. They softened their rhetoric in an effort to end pro-slavery activists' violent attacks on lecturers.
b. The group joined the Tappan brothers and Theodore Weld to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.
c. They advocated a broad-based reform program, embracing women's rights as well as the rights of American blacks.
d. The group decided that working for abolitionism within existing institutions was more effective than creating new ones.
c. They advocated a broad-based reform program, embracing women's rights as well as the rights of American blacks.
The public movement for women's rights developed out of which of the following sources in the 1840s?

a. The Second Great Awakening
b. Mormonism
c. The American Revolution
d. The Oneida Community
a. The Second Great Awakening
Mid-nineteenth-century publications such as Godey's Lady's Book and Catharine Beecher's Treatise on Domestic Economy did which of the following?

a. Advocated women's right to vote and hold elected offices
b. Promoted the notion that higher education would make women better mothers
c. Emphasized the social importance of homemaking and domesticity
d. Promoted less restrictive feminine clothing to protect women's health
c. Emphasized the social importance of homemaking and domesticity
What was the purpose of the Female Moral Reform Society, which middle-class New York women founded in 1834?

a. To provide moral guidance for young, working women who were living away from their families
b. To create new opportunities for male and female reformers to work together as equals in the same organization
c. To create a network of schools to train young, middle-class women in manners and morals
d. To condemn prostitution and punish young women who participated in urban prostitution
a. To provide moral guidance for young, working women who were living away from their families
During the 1840s, American women's rights activists focused on which of the following goals?

a. Challenging the conventional division of labor within the family
b. Strengthening the legal rights of married women
c. Making it easier for married women to file for divorce
d. Educating women about birth control and abortion
b. Strengthening the legal rights of married women
Why was the South on the cutting edge of the Market Revolution by 1840?

a. It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world's cotton supply.
b. Planters were using European immigrants as industrial workers.
c. Planters were building factories to process cotton.
d. Southern society was dominated by free labor.
a. It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world's cotton supply.
Which of the following statements characterizes the cotton planter class in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas in the mid-nineteenth century?

a. Planters lived in elegant mansions.
b. Planters embraced the cultured gentility of the Chesapeake region.
c. The goal of the planter class was to make money.
d. Planters refused to do physical labor on plantations.
c. The goal of the planter class was to make money.
The U.S. federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the early to mid-1800s through which of the following?

a. The American Colonization Society
b. The Indian Removal Act
c. The international slave trade
d. The inland system
b. The Indian Removal Act
Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry?

a. Native Americans formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers.
b. Immigrants formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers.
c. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.
d. African American slaves were unable to escape the labor system due to planter violence.
c. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.
Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

a. Propertyless whites directly benefited from the institution of slavery.
b. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.
c. Planters courted their loyalty by providing gifts and small favors to their families.
d. Propertyless whites were free but lived in conditions worse than that of many slaves.
b. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.
Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

a. Competition from immigrant labor
b. Export taxes on their products
c. The cotton revolution
d. Poor distribution networks
c. The cotton revolution
Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the mid-nineteenth-century Cotton South?

a. Plantation owners
b. Middling planters
c. Yeoman farmers
d. Tenant farmers and day laborers
d. Tenant farmers and day laborers
Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837?

a. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.
b. Texans refused to legalize slavery, which was the only condition on which southern politicians would accept Texan statehood.
c. President Van Buren could not convince the Whig-dominated Senate to accept the treaty.
d. The U.S. Congress refused annexation because it did not want to assume Texas' large Mexican population.
a. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.
What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the Cotton South in the 1830s and 1840s?

a. They lived in a republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men.
b. The Cotton Revolution increased resentment on the part of poor whites toward planters' power and position.
c. Plantation management required so much of their time that many planters had to refrain from political service.
d. The emergence of a new class of wealthy industrial elites in the South checked their power.
a. They lived in a republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men.
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