Chemistry Chapter 2 End of Section questions

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (52)

Name 2 categories used to classify properties of matter.



Chemistry Q2.1
Extensive- a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Intensive- a property that depends on the type of matter not the amount
Explain why all samples of a given substance have the same intensive properties.


Chemistry Q2.2
Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has its composition.
Name three states of matter.



Chemistry Q2.3
Solid- a form of matter that has definite shape and definite volume

Liquid- a form of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape

Gas- no definite shape or volume
Describe the two categories used to classify physical changes.



Chemistry Q2.4
The two categories used to classify physical changes are:

- Reversible which means the matter can convert back and forth between gas, liquid, solid

-Irreversible means the matter cannot be put back in its original state (its ground, cut, crush, split, or broken)
Which property in Table 2.1 can most easily distinguish between sodium chloride from the other solids?


Chemistry Q2.5
Its boiling and melting point.
In what ways are liquids and gases alike?


Chemistry Q2.6A
Liquids and gases have no definite shape
In what ways are liquids and gases different?


Chemistry Q2.6A
Liquids and gases have a definite volume.
Explain why samples of gold and copper can have the same extensive properties but not the same intensive properties.

Chemistry Q2.8
Gold and Copper can have the same extensive property because they can have the same amount of the sample. (For example you can have 1 gram of copper and 1 gram of gold)

Gold and Copper cannot have the same intensive property because they are both elements in their purest form.
Is the freezing of mercury a reversible or irreversible physical change? Explain.


Chemistry Q2.7
Freezing mercury is a reversible physical change because you can melt mercury to get it back to its original state.
How are mixtures classified?


Chemistry Q2.11
Mixtures are classified based on the distribution of their components. Mixtures can be either:

- Heterogeneous mixture which is a mixture where the composition is not uniform throughout

- Homogeneous mixture which is a mixture where the composition is uniform throughout
What type of properties can be used to separate mixtures?



Chemistry Q2.12
Differences in the substances of a mixture are used to separate mixtures.


If you had a mixture of salt, water, and sand, you would separate the components of the mixture based upon their different freezing, boiling and melting points are for each substance.
Explain the term phrase as it relates to homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.


Chemistry Q2.13
A phrase is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties. Heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures describe whether a sample is uniform or not.
Classify food coloring as a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture

Chemistry Q2.14a
Homogeneous mixture
Classify ice cubes in liquid water as a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture

Chemistry Q2.14b
Homogeneous mixture
Classify mouthwash as a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture

Chemistry Q2.14c
Homogeneous mixture
Classify mashed, unpeeled potatoes as a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture

Chemistry Q2.14d
Heterogeneous mixture
How are substances and a solution similar?

Chemistry Q2.15a
A substance is similar to a solution because they both have uniform composition
How are substances and a solution different?

Chemistry Q2.15b
A substance and solution are different because substances have a definite ratio of substances for the composition of the substance.
In general, when would you use filtration to separate a mixture?

Chemistry Q2.16a
Filtration is a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.

Filtration is used to separate a solid from a liquid in a mixture.
In general, when would you use distillation to separate a mixture?


Chemistry Q2.16b
Distillation is when a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid;

Distillation would be used you would boil the liquid to produce a vapor that would be then condensed into a liquid.
Describe a procedure that could be used to separate a mixture of sand and table salt.


Chemistry Q2.17
To separate a mixture of sand and table salt, you would add some water to dissolve the table salt. I would then boil the salt water so that I would only have the sand left over.
How is a compound different from an element?


Chemistry 2.20
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot.
How can you distinguish a substance from a mixture?


Chemistry 2.21
Chemists use chemical symbols to represent elements and chemical formulas to represent compounds
What are the chemical symbols and chemical formulas used for?


Chemistry 2.22
...
Name two methods that can be used to break down compounds into simpler substances.


Chemistry 2.23
Heat can be used to break down most compounds.


Carbon cannot be broken down because it is a pure substance. Water is broken down by electrical current being placed in the water to break apart the Hydrogen atoms from the Oxygen atoms.
Classify table sugar as a element, compound, or mixture.


Chemistry 2.24a
Table sugar is a compound
Classify tap water as a element, compound, or mixture.


Chemistry 2.24b
Tap water is a mixture
Classify cough syrup as a element, compound, or mixture.


Chemistry 2.24c
Cough syrup is a compound
Classify nitrogen as a element, compound, or mixture.


Chemistry 2.24d
Nitrogen is an element ...
Write the chemical symbol for lead.


Chemistry 2.25a
Pb
Write the chemical symbol for Oxygen


Chemistry 2.25b
O
Write the chemical symbol for Silver.

Chemistry 2.25c
Ag
Write the chemical symbol for sodium


Chemistry 2.25d
Na
Write the chemical symbol for hydrogen


Chemistry 2.25e
H
Write the chemical symbol for aluminum


Chemistry 2.25f
Al
Name the chemical element represented by the symbol
C.

Chemistry 2.26a
carbon
Name the chemical element represented by the symbol
Ca.

Chemistry 2.26b
Calcium
Name the chemical element represented by the symbol
K

Chemistry 2.26c
Potasium
Name the chemical element represented by the symbol
Au

Chemistry 2.26d
gold
Name the chemical element represented by the symbol
Fe

Chemistry 2.26e
iron
Name the chemical element represented by the symbol
Cu

Chemistry 2.26f
Copper
What elements make up the pain reliever acetaminophen, chemical formula C₈H₉0₂N?

Which element is present in the greatest proportion by number of particles?


Chemistry 2.27
Carbon - 8 molecules
Hydrogen - 9 molecules
Oxygen - 2 molecules
Nitrogen - 1 molecule

9 Hydrogen molecules
How does a chemical change affect the
composition of matter?


Chemistry 2.28
During a chemical change, the composition of matter always changes.
Name 4 possible clues that a chemical change has taken place.


Chemistry 2.29
Possible clues to a chemical change include :
1 - a transfer of energy
2 - a change in color
3 - the production of a gas
4 - or the formulation of a precipitate
In a chemical reaction, how does the mass of the reactants compare with the mass of the products?


Chemistry 2.30
During any chemical reaction, the mass of the properties is always equal to the mass of the reactants.
What is the main difference between physical changes and chemical changes?


Chemistry 2.31
Chemical Change is a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.

Physical Change is a change during which some properties of a material change but the composition of the material does not change.

So the difference is that in a physical change the composition of the matter does not change while in a chemical change the composition of the matter changes.
Classify water boiling as a physical or chemical change.


Chemistry 2.32a
physical change
Classify water boiling as a physical or chemical change.


Chemistry 2.32b
Chemical
Classify salt dissolving in water as a physical or chemical change.


Chemistry 2.32b
Chemical Change
Classify milk turning sour as a physical or chemical change.


Chemistry 2.32c
Chemical Change
Classify metal rusting as a physical or chemical change.


Chemistry 2.32d
Physical change
Hydrogen and oxygen react chemically to form water. How much water would form if 4.8 grams of hydrogen reacted with 38.4 grams of oxygen?

Chemistry 2.34
The law of conservation of mass states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved.
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