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CH 22: THYROID A&P

Terms in this set (53)

the thyroid gland is located in the ______ neck at the thyroid cartilage
anteroinferior
the two thyroid lobes are connected by the ____
isthmus
the thryoid gland straddles the trachea ____
anteriorly
the thyroid gland is bounded laterally by:
carotid arteries and jugular veins
pyramidal lobe arises from the ____
isthmus
thyroid lobes should be ___ in size
equal
newborn thyroid size
18-20x8-9mm
normal adult thyroid size
40-60 L x 20-30 AP x 15-20 mm W
isthmus size
4-6mm AP diameter
the isthmus is enlarged when over ___mm
10mm
anterior surface of thyroid:
strap muscles, including sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
larger oval band that lies anterior and lateral to gland
posterolateral anatomy of thyroid:
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
longus colli muscle is located _____ to lobes
posterolateral
longus colli muscle
hypoechoic triangular structure adjacent to cervical vertebrae
medial anatomy to thyroid includes:
larynx
trachea
inferior constrictor of pharynx
esophagus
esophagus, primarily a midline structure, may be found to the ___ of the trachea
left
posterior border of each lobe is related to superior and inferior ______ glands and anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid arteries
parathyroid
esophagus is identified as:
target appearance in transverse plane and by its peristaltic movements when patient swallows
superior thyroid artery branches off:
external carotid artery
inferior thyroid artery branches off of:
branches of the thyrocervical trunk
venous blood drains from superior and middle thyroid vein into ______
jugular
venous blood drains from inferior thyroid vein into ____
inominate
blood supply to thyroid provided by:
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
thyroid maintains normal body:
metabolism
growth and development by synthesis
storage and secretion of thyroid hormones
mechanism for producing thryoid hormones is ____
iodine metabolism
thyroid gland traps iodine from blood and through series of chemical reactions, produces thyroid hormones:
triiodothyronine T3
thyroxine T4
when thyroid hormone needed by body, it is released into bloodstream by action of ________, which is produced by?
thyrotropin (TSH);
pituitary gland
TSH increases with
hypothyroidism
with hypothyroidism, TSH ___ and T3 and T4 _____
increases; decrease
with hyperthyroidism, TSH ___ and T3 and T4 _____
decreases; increase
undersecretion of thyroid hormones
Hypothyroidism
causes of hypothyroidism
-low intake of iodine (goiter)
-inability of thyroid to produce proper amount of thryoid hormone
-pituitary gland not control thyroid production
clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
mydemea
weight gain
hair loss
lethargy
cold intolerance
constipation
deep husky voice
increase subcutaneuous tissue around eyes
intellectual and motor slowing
Oversecretion of thyroid hormones
hyperthyroidism
occurs when entire gland is out of control or if localized neoplasm (such as adenoma) causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism dramatically increases ______
metabolic rate
clinical signs of hyperthyroidism
weight loss
high appetite
tremor
inc. sweating
heat intolerance
palpitations
exophthalmos (protruding eyes)
nervous energy
exophthalmos
bulging eyes
______ used to determine function of thyroid: iodine uptake scan and thyroid scan
nuclear medicine
cancerous traits
acute palpable
firm
hypoechoic w/ ill defined borders (NO THIN HALO)
lymph nodes 50% of patients
commonly in FEMALES
types of cancer
papillary
follicular
medullary
if internal consistency of mass is significantly cystic, it is usually ____
benign
most cancers are usually ___
hypoechoic
eggshell calcs are usually ____: PUNCTATE calcs are ____
benign; malignant
thin halo = ______;
think/incomplete halo = _____
benign
malignant
strap muscles are ___ to thyroid
anterior
Sternocleidomastoid is ___ to thyroid
anterolateral
common carotid is ____ to thyroid
lateral
Minor neurovascular bundle is ________ to the thyroid.
posterior
longus colli is ___ to thyroid
posterior
two of the parathyroid glands are ___ to the thyroid; the other two are ______
posterior superior;
posterior inferior
when thyroid hormone needed by body, it is released into bloodstream by action of thyrotropin
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