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Baroreceptor Reflexes

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Baroreceptors
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Terms in this set (21)
Baroreceptors
Cells that are sensitive to blood pressure changes.
Image: Baroreceptors
Locations of baroreceptors
carotid sinus and aortic arch
Image: Locations of baroreceptors
vagus nerve
this Xth cranial nerve carries most baroreceptor impulses to the brainstem
Image: vagus nerve
baroreceptor activity in high blood pressure
More action potentials are fired by baroreceptors in this situation (more pressure = more action potentials)
Image: baroreceptor activity in high blood pressure
baroreceptor activity in low blood pressure
Fewer action potentials are fired by baroreceptors in this situation.
Image: baroreceptor activity in low blood pressure
Baroreceptor Purpose
Communicate to brain current blood pressure; brainstem then alters nervous input to the heart and blood vessels to bring blood pressure back to normal.
Image: Baroreceptor Purpose
Baroreceptor reflex - showing sympathetic and parasympathetic response to either low or high blood pressure
Image: Baroreceptor reflex - showing sympathetic and parasympathetic response to either low or high blood pressure
Low blood pressure causes the brainstem to....
increase sympathetic neuron activity to the heart
high blood pressure causes the brainstem to .....
increase parasympathetic neuron activity to the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
cluster of electric pulse-generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart - modified by sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation
Image: sinoatrial node (SA node)
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart
Increases heart rate and increases force of contraction - contributes to RAISING blood pressure
Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
decreases heart rate and decreases force of contraction - contributes to LOWER blood pressure.
Norepinephrine (NE)
the neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - speeds up heart rate, increases blood pressure
Image: Norepinephrine (NE)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
the neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - slows down heart rate, decreases blood pressure
NOTE - also many other functions, including skeletal muscle contraction, but in this flashcard set we are focusing on the baroreceptor reflex only
Low blood pressure reflex
*baroreceptors fire FEWER APs up vagus
*brainstem responds by stimulating sympathetic neurons down spinal cord and out to the SA node of the heart.
*NE is released from sympathetic neuron axon terminals onto the SA node heart muscle cells.
*NE binds to Beta-1 adrenergic receptors on the heart muscle.
*B-1 adrenergic receptors, when stimulated, open Ca++ channels on the heart muscle.
*Ca++ increases contraction rate and force of contraction.
*CO increases and BP goes up.