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Abnormal Behavior Test 2

Terms in this set (132)

Anxiety symptoms.
causes them to have great difficulty to function on a day to day basis,intense fear, thoughts of going to die, behavior:fidget, restless, heart racing, sweating,
Avoidance
anything do/don't do to limit discomfort (e.g., refusing to enter situation or enter with aid
FEAR:
emotional response to real or perceived eminent threat, right their in front of you
Anxiety
anticipatory threat that is anticipated, it may or may not happen,tense as public speaking
Anticipatory apprehension and uneasiness are to _______ as alarm responses to threatening situations are _________
a.Anxiety, fear
b.Fear, anxiety
c.Phobias, panic
d.Obsessions; compulsions
Anticipatory apprehension and uneasiness are to ANXIETY as alarm responses to threatening situations are FEAR
PANIC DISORDER
A period of intense fear and physical discomfort one is being overwhelmed an looses control, it must happen more than once and client was fearful for another attack to happen for at least a month also engages in behaviors to avoid another ATTACK.
----FEAR of HAVING ANOTHER ATTACK
A period of intense fear or discomfort in which 4 or more of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reached a peak within 10 minutes
-Palpitations, pounding heart
-Sweating
-Trembling or shaking
-Smothering or shortness of breath
-Choking feeling
-Chest pain or discomfort
-Abdominal distress
-Dizziness
-Chills or Hot Flushes
-Feelings of unreality
-Fear of losing control or going crazy
-Fear of Dying
-Numbness or tingling
Agoraphobia
individual feels intense fear or anxiety triggered by real or anticipatory exposure to situation.FEAR that you can't get out of situation FEAR and ANXIETY he or she is extremely fearful or anxious they require presence of companion
Example: public transportation, being outside of the home alone, must persist 6 months
Theories and treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia.
They focus on Norepinephrine, the neurotransmitter involved in preparing the body to react to stressful situation high levels of norepinephrine can make a person more likely to experience fear, anxiety and *** Serotonin may also develop *** disorder due to neurotransmitter in anxiety
Panic Control therapy and Cognitive restructuring BENZODIAZEPINES increase the sensilibility of inhibitor neurotransmitter PSYCHOEDUCATION, RELAXATION TRAINING- gain control over bodily reactions
Specific phobias.
involves fears, worries, and avoidance of being in danger in very specific situations such as being near animals, being near high drop offs, seeing blood, or being trapped in situations Must be present for at least 6 months in order to justify a diagnosis
FEARS,WORRIES,ANXIETY RESPONSE OR PANIC and avoidance in being danger in very specific situations
Theories and treatments for specific phobias.
These disorders rely on Biological perspective believe this anxiety is related to abnormalities in anterior insular cortex this area is associated with temporal and front lobes associated with emotion and self awareness
Anti anxiety medications-Benzodiazepines
Systematic Desensitization
Individuals learn to substitute relaxation for fear or anxiety responses ex: fear of dentists.
Flooding:
Client is totally immersed in the sensation of anxiety by being exposed to the feared situation in its entirety.
Imaginal flooding
Client is immersed through imagination in the feared situation.
Graduated Exposure:
clients confront situation that cause only minor anxiety and then gradually progress toward those that cause greater anxiety
Thought stopping
: Individual learns to stop anxiety-provoking thoughts.
Social phobia.
involves fears, worries and avoidance of social or performance situation in which exposed to being judged negatively by other people.
Individual fears acting in a way that would be humiliating or embarrassing. A panic attack only occurs in social situation
Fear/avoidance interferes with work, social, family activities.
Biological and psychological theories and treatments for social phobia.
SSRIs and SNRIs and Benzodiazepines (potential for abuse they may interfere with treatment)MAOI(can manage social anxiety
Cognitive- Behavioral Perspective-Unable to gain a realistic view of how others really perceive them. Motivational interviewing,
Acceptance and commitment therapy, Mindfulness/meditation
Generalized anxiety disorder.
THEY FEEL EXCESSIVE ANXIETY MOST OF THE TIME; THE WORRY IS NOT SPECIFIED TO A SPECIFIC OBJECT, SITUATION, OR EVENT BUT IT IS CONSTANT A DAY TO DAY EXISTENCE IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CONTROL THEIR WORRYING WOrRIES ABOUT NEGATIVE THINGS THAT COULD HAPPE IN DAILY LIFE AS LOOSING JOB, WORK KIDS physical symptoms impair social, occupational and other functioning
Associated with 3 of the following motor tension and vigilance symptoms Restlessness/keyed-up, Easily fatigued, Difficulty concentrating,Irritability,Muscle tension, Sleep disturbances
Most anxiety disorders decline in older age groups except GAD
Genralized anxiety disorder will happen in you 20s it evolves since we were young like a homemaker is more prone to developing this disorder because they are not out in the real world the city
Generalized anxiety disorder Theories and treatments.
THEORIE: expérience their symptom due to disturbances in GABA, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems people who are prone to developing this ARE INHERITED WITH THIS GENE
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPHY- they learn how to recognize anxious thoughts, to seek rational alternatives
Obsessive compulsive disorder.
Obsessions, fears worries avoidance and persistent thoughts, impulses or images, COMPULSION Repetitive behaviors or mental acts feel driven to perform in response to obsession or according to rigid rules fear of germs, becoming sick, People with ### are seen as having thoughts and actions that they literally cannot inhibit,The most common compulsions involve behavior, such as washing and cleaning, counting, putting items in order, checking. EXCESSIVE, CAUSE DISTRESS, UNREASONABLE, TIME CONSUMING
obsessions
Recurrent and persistent thoughts impulses or images, experienced as intrusive and inappropriate &cause distress
COMPULSIONS
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts feel driven to perform in response to obsession or according to rigid rules
Obsessive compulsive disorder Theories and treatments.
Obsessive compulsive behavior neurotransmitter is serotonin
Treatment: SSRI stop the insime that gets rid of the blocks the reuptake treatment for ### and depression Clomipramine Prozac, Zoloft.
Cognitive behavioral therapy to stop unwanted taughts Psychological interventions provide an important supplement to or replacement for medication to treat ### symptoms. Treated with psychiatric neurosurgery in extreme cases.
Gender Differences
Greater prevalence of panic disorder, PTSD, and generalized anxiety disorder amongst females (adults)Approximately 2:1 female/male ratio
Negative affect (females higher)
Responses to negative affect (more worrisome and avoidant styles)
Acute stress disorder.
anxiety disorder develops after traumatic event The symptoms persist for a few days to a month after traumatic event, they shows signs of post traumatic when people are exposed to the threat of death, or actual or threatened serious injury real or threatened to others, humming, reexperieencing
1. distressing reminder of the event
2. feeling numb or detached from others
3.avoidance of situations that might serve as reminders of the event
4. sleep disturbances or irritability
Post traumatic stress disorder.
An anxiety disorder which individual experiences several distressing symptoms for more than a month experience acute stress disorder for more than 1 month following a traumatic event ex: serious accident, abuse, earthquakes, fires, war, witnessing tragedy,violent victimization
Criterion A: Experience potentially traumatic event + fear and/or helplessness
Criterion B: *Re-experiencing symptoms* one or more Recurrent dreams Flashbacks Psysiological reactivity to cues that resemble trauma
Criterion C: *Avoidance/Numbing* of stimuli similar to trauma (3 or more) Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings associated with trauma efforts
Criterion D: Negative alterations in thoughts and mood
Criteria E: Increased Arousal
Post traumatic stress disorderTheories and treatments
People experience alterations in the hippocampus, the structure responsible for consolidating memory.
SSRIs antidepressants relieve insomnia or anxiety
Cognitive Behavioral Theraphy combines some type of exposure with relaxation vivo and magical and cognitive restructuring
Eye Movement Desensitization (EMDR) - Clinician asks the client to think about a traumatic memory while focusing on rapid movement of the clinician's finger for 10 to 12 eye movements.
When does anxiety become a source of clinical concern?
when it reaches such an intense level that daily function becomes difficult
Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population aged 60 years and older is affected by anxiety disorders?
a. 5-6%
b. 10-15%
c. 20-30%
d. 30-40%
20-30%
Which of the following is true?
a. Distinct from anxiety is fear, which is the emotion that people experience when confronted with a real or imagined threat.
b. Anxiety disorders are the least prevalent of all psychological disorders.
c. Men are 60% more likely than women to experience an anxiety disorder over their lifetime.
d. Anxiety disorders are characterized by intense, irrational, and incapacitating aggression.
Distinct from anxiety is fear, which is the emotion that people experience when confronted with a real or imagined threat.
Factors of anxiety disorders
Confluence of genetics, brain functioning, life experiences, and social context
Biological factors (e.g., genetics, brain functioning)
Life experiences (e.g., overly protective caregivers; parent modeling anxious behavior)
Social context (e.g., stress)
1.Carlos use to enjoy bowling but since he returned from duty, the sound of the ball hitting the pins and the sound of the pins falling is bringing back vivid memories of combat Carlos is experiencing
Flashbacks
2. Constant Anxiety that is not associated with particular object or event
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
3.Chanina gets nervous when otter people watch her eat lunch. She is worried that her behavior will catch the attention of others and they might make fun of the way she eats. This fear typically forces her to eat in her office rather than the staff lunchroom. She continually declines invitations to go out for dinner Chanina might have
Social Phobia
4. Persistent ideas, images or thoughts that invade consciousness despite efforts to get rid of these intrusions are referred to as
Obsessions
5. Many people who suffer from social phobia can overcome their symptoms with a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and
Anti-Anxiety Medications
6. Which neurotransmitter has been implicated as playing a role in obsessive compulsive disorder
Serotonin
7. Mary washes her hands several times a day and still feels that her hands are unclean despite all the washing. The habit has caused Mary to be late on several occasions. Her symptoms are suggestive of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
8. Acute Stress Disorder is diagnosed ___________
:post traumatic stress disorder is diagnosed ___________
Soon after a traumatic event ; if symptoms persist more than 1 month
9. The pattern of abnormal motor symptoms, such as uncontrollable twitches and facial grimaces is known as
TICTS
10. For people of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder for whom neither pharmacological nor psychotherapeutic interventions have been successful, a psychosurgical procedure has sometimes been effective which is called
Cingulotomy
CHAPTER 9 Somatoform disorders AKA SOMATIC DISORDERS
a disorder in which psychological conflicts become involved as physical symptom which cause distress or impairment in a person's life feelings and behaviors.may or may not be a medical condition by maldaptive thoughts, feelings Are not consciously produced nor are the symptoms consciously controlled
persistent 6 months
In fact, the symptom reported by the individual probably would not correspond to the symptoms of any real physical disorder.
May seek care from multiple doctors for same symptoms ("doctor shopping")
Unresponsive to medical interventions
New interventions may only exacerbate presenting symptoms
Sensitive to medication side effects
Negative Affectivity (i.e., Neurotic Personality)
Presence of another psychiatric disorder
Low education
Low SES
Recent experience of stressful life events
Female sex
Older Age
Reported history of sexual abuse/other childhood adversity
Social context that reinforce (illness benefits)
Conversion disorder.
Is the individual experiences a change in bodily function not due to an underlying medical condition This patient confronts an acute stressor that creates a psychological conflict, and the physical symptom(s) serve as the resolution for the conflict. Affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning
Failure to recognize and treat this early in the course may lead to symptoms which eventually become harder or impossible to cure.
A **** disorder is characterized by the loss of a bodily function, for example blindness , paralysis, or the inability to speak . The loss of physical function is involuntary, but diagnostic testing does not show a physical cause for the dysfunction.
Hysteria is was created Freud called Conversion disorder
2-3 times more prevalent in women
More common in younger rather than older persons
La belle indifference (conversion disorder)
lack of concern about nature or implications of the symptom
Hypochondriasis AKA ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER
somatoform disorder characterized by misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as signs of serious illness
Individuals have unrealistic or innacurrate interpretation and fear that they have serious diseasesAbout 25% of the individuals who would have been diagnosed with Hypochondriasis in DSM-IV-TR Example: Person with minor cough believes they
have lung cancer
Men and women affected equally
Prevalence in general medical settings between 3% to 8%
Malingering
faking physical illness and symptoms to avoid and unpleasant situation to maintain external rewards ( to avoid military duty, or get disability, avoid exam in school, money in lawsuit, shelter)
Factitious disorder,
person consciously and deliberately fakes an illness in order to gain medical attention and assume the role this is getting internal rewards to maintain sick role \Physical symptoms motivate the desire to be sick Need of money triggers this behavior
Munchausen's syndrome by proxy.
Case of 9 year-old girl (Newsweek, 1996)
Hospitalized over 200 times
40 operations
Gall bladder, appendix, and part of intestines removed
Mother arrested for child abuse
Child's infections consistent with someone smearing fecal matter into feeding line and urinary catheter
Psychoneuroimmuniology-
How stress impacts nervous system science that seeks to understand the interactions among psychologic, neurologic, and immune response.
Body dysmorphic disorder.
In which people are preoccupied almost to the point of being delusional with the idea that part of their body is ugly or defective
Men: Body build, genitals, hair
Women: weight, breast size or shape, scars, aging
Contrast the theories and treatment of somatoform disorders.
Cognitive behavioral therapy help clients with somatic symptom and related disorders teach clients to reconstruct their beliefs about physical symptoms and get more realistic interpretation bodies reactions
Medication: SSRIS In applying cognitive behavioral therapy to clients with *****, clinicians help their clients gain a more realistic appraisal of their body's reactions. Most likely in using conversion disorder
In hypnotherapy, the therapist instructs the hypnotized client to, for example, move the paralyzed limb. to enable the client to sustain the movement after the therapist brings him or her out of hypnosis
Health anxiety: Worry about physical symptoms and illness.
Interpersonal therapy - Useful to help people with BDD develop improved strategies for dealing the distress they feel in their relationships with others.
***Explain the basis of the DSM-IV category of psychological factors affecting medical conditions.
includes in which a client's physical illness is adversely affected by one or more psychological states (as depression, stress, denial of a diagnosis)
Discuss the relevant concepts for understanding psychological factors affecting medical condition
Mental Disorders, stress, emotional states, personality traits, and poor coping skills are some psychological factors that can affect an individuals medical conditions. This disorders interactions in which psychological and physical conditions can affect each other
Stress
unpleasant emotional reaction a person has when he or she perceives an event to be threatening
Coping
Process which people reduce stress this is important it determines whether a person will suffer health problems
Problem Focused- Coping-
reduce stress by acting to change whatever makes situation stressful
Emotion-Focused Coping:
you don't change the situation but instead you change how you feel about it
Understand how emotional expression is related stress.
Coping with stress can help regulate emotion of anxiety and reduce stress.Expressing your emotions can improve your physical and mental well-being.
Type A Behavior
Pattern of behaviors that include being hard-driving, competitive, impatient, cynical, suspicious of and hostile toward others, and easily irritated.
Their at high risk of heart disease, heart attacks, stroke, competitive style include high risk behavior smoking, drinking, alcohol to excess
Type D Personality
People who experience emotions that include anxiety, irritation, and depressed mood. At risk for heart disease of negative emotions,being ill/dying
Psychoeducation
is important clients need to understand how their behavior influences the development of worsening symptoms of chronic illnesses Mindfulness training,relaxation, meditation
Behavioral medicine to understand mind-body relationships to help improve people's physical health by addressing its relationships to the psychological factors of stress.
They want to help clients adopt strategies to learn and maintain behaviors that will maximize their physical functioning
Dissociative identity disorder.
A certain trauma it disrupts it certain type of drama Formerly called Multiple personality Disorder in which the person develops more than one self or personality. They may forget everyday events but also experiences as traumatic as abuse
ALTERS: Several "selves" or personalities, at least two distinct identities or personality states, " are
Usually fewer than 10 identities
Host: main identity
Memory Gaps: dissociate sense of time,gaps in memory, lost time
Dissociative Amnesia
Unable to remember important information about experiences or set of events in their lives; is usually asso-ciated with traumatic or very stressful events.it is not a cause brain injury
Dissociative Fugue
A dissociative disorder in which a person confused about personal identity, suddenly and unexpectedly travels to another place and is unable to remember past history or identity. A result of trauma, extreme stress, need to escape punishment, or problems.
Duration is variable (hours, day, weeks, or months).
Trauma as a cause of dissociative disorders as well as other theories and treatment of dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and depersonalization disorders.
Traumatic events can lead to people to experience splitting apart of their conscious experiences, sense of self, or feelings of continuity over time. In a dissociative disorder, individual is trying to block out or separate from conscious or awareness events
They first have to see if intentionally or unintentionally
They use hypnotherapy to help clients recall the traumatic experiences that cause dissociation
Martin always seemed to be looking up for new clinics and physicians to get rid of a persistent back pain, the cause of which could not be ascertained despite several medical check ups. Since physicians were unable to find the possible reason for his physical pain and he was not convinced with the medical test results, Martin was advised to consult a psychiatrist. In this instance, which of the following mental disorders is he most likely to be diagnosed with?
somatoform disorder
Amanda, a 28-year old woman, who recently lost her only son in a drowning accident, has been going through considerable stress and emotional turmoil. She woke up one morning and was terrified to find that she was unable to walk. Her husband took her to a clinic where the doctor ruled out any underlying medical condition for Amanda's symptoms. In this instance, which of the following disorders is Amanda most likely to be suffering from?
Conversion disorder
In which of the following, do patients experience pain to such a degree that their lives become consumed by the pursuit of relief?
pain disorder
Richard succesfully faked illness in order to be released from military duty. He was engage in
Malingering
People tend to seek reassurance from others how they look
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Are unable to remember information about an event or set of event
Dissociative Amnesia
Maria is concerned that her hips are way to wide than what it should normally be and remains preoccupied with the idea. Despite constant reassurance from friends and family, she keeps exercising and worrying about her hips, she thinks makes her look appalling
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
People fear that normal bodily reactions represent symptoms of a serious illness
Hypochondriasis
Individuals with Type A Behavior patter are at risk of developing
Heart Disease
Jeremy tells his friends and colleagues that he is suffering from a serious neurological condition. He often fakes the symptom of his feigned illness purely to draw attention to himself and too maintain the sick role. Jeremy who is obsessed with pursuit of medical care is most likely to suffer from
Mundnausens Syndrome
the style of coping that involves changing something about the situation that makes stressful
Problem Focus Coping
Since the past few years Arthur has been recurrently complaining about several bodily symptoms difficulty in breathing, chest pain, & nausea. Medical examination have yielded no basis for such claims
Somatization Disorder
Dysphoria
usually elevated sad mood, The primary characteristic of depressive disorders
Euphoric
A feeling state that is more cheerful and elated than average, possibly even ecstatic.
Bipolar disorder alternates between dysphoria and euphoria.
Major Depressive Episode
period in which the person experiences intense psychological and physical symptoms accompanied feelings of overwhelming sadness (dysphoria)
AT LEAST FIVE OF THE FOLLOWING
depressed mood most of the day
Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or most daily activities
Significant unintended weight loss or usual increase or decrease in appetite
Insomnia or Hypersomnia(not enough sleep or too much
Psychomotor agitation or retardation observable by others (slowing down)
Fatigue or loss of energy(really tired)
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt ( taughts of suicide)
Difficult maintaining concentration or making decisions
Recurrent thoughts of death or having suicidal thoughts, plans or attempts
The symptoms cause significant distress or impairment
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
used for children who exhibit chronic and severe irritability and have frequent temper outbursts
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
women who experienc or changes in mood, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety during menstrual period (depress
Major depressive disorder
a disorder in which individual experiences acute, but time-limited, 5 or more symptoms including sadness or lost of interest or pleasure (AT LEAST 2 WEEKS in DURATION) they are diagnosed when the person has two or more major depressive episodes with an interval of at least two consecutive months in between. It is more likely that bipolar
Dysthymic disorder
Mild depression A mood disorder involving chronic depression of less intensity than major depressive disorders last longer People with dysthymic disorder have, for at least 2 years,3 or more depressive symptoms such as low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration, decision-making difficulty, feelings of hopelessness, and disturbances of appetite and sleep. they are symptom free no more than 2 months
Manic Episode Symptoms
very Euphoric mood with symptoms involving disruptive experiences of heightened mood, abnormality and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least 1 week present most of the day, nearly every day (hospitalization is necessary)
Abnormally heightened levels of thinking, behavior, and emotionally
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Decreased need for sleep
Pressure to keep talking
Flight of ideas
Distractibility
Increase in goal-directed activity
Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequence
Bipolar 1 Disorder
One or more manic episodes and maybe depressive episodes (Most severe) it was called hypormanic
Bipolar 11 Disorder
One or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic (mildly manic) episode (which last 4 days instead of 1 week) (medium severe)
Hypomanic Episode
persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, abnormal increased activity or energy lasting at lest 4 days present most of day nearly every day 3 or more symptoms not as extreme as manic episode (not severe to be hospital
inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
decreased need of sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)
more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
flight of ideas or subjective experience they are racing
distractibility attention to easily drawn
increase in goal-directed activity (either socially , at work or school, or sexually)
excessive involvement in pleasurable activities (buying sprees, sexual indiscretions)
Bipolar disorder
factors that predict rapid cycling (4-8 moods episodes) within a year and have meet criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive disorder. Cycling may occur 1 week or even 1 day what predict this is higher depression scores, higher mania scores, and lower global assessment of functionin
Cyclothymic disorder
A mood disorder with symptoms more chronic and less severe than Bipolar HYPOMANIA with mild depressive episode
A person is cycling from a dysphamia to hypomania
Met criteria for a hypomanic episode, It last at least 2 years
NEver meet the criteria for a major depressive episode
negative thinking
Explain the biological perspective, including approaches to theory and treatment that focus on genetics and biochemical abnormalities
First degree relatives of those with major depression are two to four times the rates of non relatives
Twin studies- Heritability estimated at 60% for bipolar
People with major depressive disorder involves brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
PCLO gene seems to play a role in synaptic transmission.- it is important for malfunctioning bipolar disorder but also negative thinking triggers this disorder
Treatments
SSRIs- selective serotonin reuptake inhibotors block the reuptake of serotonin, enabling more availabilty of this neurotransmitter for action at the receptor sites.
SNRIS-norophinepheren snd serotonin and have more side effects that's why DDRID and used
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are effective in alleviating depression in people who have disturbed appetite and sleep.
MAOIs they are really dangerous interactions with food (cheese, alcohol) prolong the life of neurotransmitters, thus increasing neuronal flow.
Lithium is effective in treating acute mania symptoms and in preventing the recurrence of manic episodes.
Circadian rhythms are the daily variations that regulate biological patterns such as sleep-wake cycles.
Light therapy - Individual is seated in front of a bright light for a period of time, such as 30 minutes in the morning.
ECT- that is only used in cases in were other treatments didn't worrk to treat depression then this is the last option
Psychodynamic perspective and its understanding and treating mood disorders.
Depressed people withdraw from life because they no longer have incentives to be active; lack of positive reinforcement low self-esteem, guilt, pessimism
if you are not getting support from friends its worst and this is Classical condition,
People with an insecure attachment style have a greater risk for developing a depressive disorder in adulthood.
Manic episodes are defensive responses through which individuals stave off feelings of inadequacy, loss, and helplessness
Describe the behavioral perspective and how it is used to treat and understand mood disorders.
: Behavioral therapy for depression in which the clinician helps the client identify activities associated with positive mood.
Integrating behavioral with cognitive approaches that focus on the role of dysfunctional thoughts as causes, or at least contributors to mood disorders.
Outline the cognitive-behavioral perspective of the nature and treatment of mood disorders.
When you are in a negative state is hard to see it that is what you do in a cognitive behavioral perspective As he looks back at its pass he llooks himselfs as a looser
He tends to overgeneralized
He tends to see himself as over failure
The main goal is the patient to see the reality of the issue
There are many ways patients don't conclude to relie
Goal is to correct the perception of the patient
Clarify the nature of the sociocultural and interpersonal perspective of mood disorders and indicate how they are used in treatment
...
Describe the characteristics of people who commit suicide.
being young or old
Males they are more likely to complete attempt
being single
women have many thoughts of doing it but don't do it
Compare and contrast the biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives of why people commit suicide.
...
Outline the nature of the assessment and treatment of suicidality.
...
Which of the following is true of major depressive disorders?
a. The sufferer experiences acute periods of depressive symptoms.
b. The episodes of depression are not time-limited.
c. It can be controlled but not cured.
d. There is a marked increase in interest in most daily activities.
The sufferer experiences acute periods of depressive symptoms.
A period in which an individual experiences acute but time-limited periods of intense psychological and physical symptoms related to a dysphoric mood is referred to as a(n)
a. euphoric episode.
b. hypomanic episodes.
c. major depressive episode.
d. manic episodes.
major depressive episode.
The major difference between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder is that
a. in the case of dysthymic disorder, the individual does not experience a major depressive episode.
b. in the case of major depressive disorder, episodes of depressive symptoms are not time-limited.
c. major depressive disorder is chronic in nature.
d. a person suffering from dysthymic disorder experiences heightened mood.
a. in the case of dysthymic disorder, the individual does not experience a major depressive episode.
Kim has been experiencing an abnormally euphoric mood for quite some time. She remains hyperactive throughout the day even though she merely gets two hours of sleep at night. It is most likely that Kim is suffering from
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar 11 Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Bipolar 1 Disorder
Bipolar I disorder
Which of the following is a mood disorder in which mood alternations are the primary characteristic?
Major Depressive Disorder
Autism
Cyclothymic disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Cyclothymic disorder
Jules has been suffering from a form of mood disorder. She experiences insomnia and feels low on energy at times and then at other times she seems to be very energetic and experiences a state of ecstasy. Identify the mood disorder affecting Jules.
MAjor Depressive Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Autism
Bipolar disorder
Of all the psychological disorders, we most likely associate substance abuse with
Major Depressive Disorder
Autism
Bipolar Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Bipolar disorder
Mary has been in a continual state of dysfunction that has kept her from feeling truly happy or well-adjusted. However, she has never had a full-blown depressive episode. Mary is most likely suffering from _____ disorder.
Bipolar
Cyclothymic
Major Depressive
Dysthimic
Dysthymic
During his tenure as a prosecutor, Larson had once helped to book an innocent man in a murder trial. Following this incident the lost his appetite leading to weight loss and developed insomnia. Of late he has also become dysphoric and has developed suicidal tendencies. Identify the disorder from which Larson is suffering.
Autism
Bipolar Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
The difference between dysthymic disorder and bipolar disorder is that
a. Bipolar Disorder involves intense and very disruptive experiences of a euphoric mood
b. In the case of dysthimic disorder, episodes of depressive symptoms are not time limited
bipolar disorder is chronic in nature
d. in the case of dysthymic disorder, the individual experiences major depressive episodes
Bipolar Disorder involves intense and very disruptive experiences of a euphoric mood
Which of the following is side effects of using SSRIS
Sexual Dysfunction
Allan suffers from mild mood swings that range from dysphoria to hypomania. His mood can change rapidly and at times his behavior borders on eccentric, but he still holds down a job at the neighborhood hardware store. Allan is most likely suffering from
rapid cycling form of bipolarity
major depressive disorder
cyclothymic disorder
dysthymic disorder
cyclothymic disorder
The overwhelming feeling of sadness a depressed person feels is referred to as
ephoria
ecstasy
dysphoria
elation
Dysphoria
Leon is undergoing treatment for his depression. In the course of his treatment, his therapist encourages him to take up new ventures and tries to build up his confidence through positive reinforcement. This
therapeutic technique is most likely based on the
a. BEhavioral Perspective
b. Psychodinamic Perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective
Tricyclic antidepressants work by
a. b. blocking the reuptake of amines into presynaptic neurons.
b.reducing the production of melotonin
b. blocking the reuptake of amines into presynaptic neurons.
_____ are the daily variations that regulate biological patterns such as sleep-wake cycles.
Circadian rhythms
The traditional treatment for Bipolar Disorder is
Lithium Carbonate
The statement "My girlfriend dumped me; all women must hate me" shows that the speaker is affected by the cognitive distortion referred to by Beck as
overgeneralization.
According to Bowlby, who is at a greater risk for developing a depressive disorder in adulthood?
people with an insecure attachment style
Tripp is suffering from bipolar disorder. Dr. Jones, his therapist, encourages Tripp to explore his feelings about the disorder, and helps him to develop insight about the ways in which the disorder has altered his life. Identify the approach employed by Dr. Jones.
interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
According to the sociocultural perspective, the primary reason behind depressive disorders is
stressful life circumstances.
Joe has a mood disorder in which he experiences alternating episodes of severe depression and mild bouts of mania (hypomania) Which his condition
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar 11 disorder
Manic depression
Cyclothymic depression
Bipolaar 11 Disorder
The intensely negative self view and low self esteem experiencing by many individuals from depression falls into which symptom category:
aFfective-emotional
cognitive
somatic
psychomotor
b. cognitive
Which of the following is strictly restricted for patients under MAOI medication?
chocolates containing tyramine
Nasir occasionally experiences periods of intense overwhelming dread that come about for no reason. These periods are marked by trembling, hot flashes, and chills, and the feeling that he is losing control. Nasir might be diagnosed as having
a. post-traumatic stress.
b. generalized anxiety.
c. phobic disorder.
d. panic disorder
panic disorder
Larry was dumped by his girlfriend and ever since he has been unable to trust another person. He feels that he is not fit to be in any kind of relationship. His therapist encourages him to reconsider this overgeneralization and see that it is his own thought that is keeping him from being happy. Based on this information, identify the method of treatment being employed in this case.
Cognitive Theraphy
What is one of the most troubling concerns for individuals who have panic disorder?
a. They dread the possibility that they may have another attack and will be unable to find help.
b. They fear the possibility of having an attack in the presence of their closest friends.
c. They fear that they will pass this disorder on to their children.
d. They dread the possibility that they will yell obscenities in public.
a. They dread the possibility that they may have another attack and will be unable to find help.
17. Kaila is so intimidated by the possibility of having a panic attack that she stays home the majority of the time. If she does go out, she insists that one of her friends accompanies her in case she has a panic attack. In addition to having panic disorder, Kaila might also be described as being
a. social phobic.
b. agoraphobic.
c. claustrophobic.
d. arachnophobic.
b. agoraphobic.
One biological theory of panic disorder proposes that individuals with panic disorder have an excess of
a. GABA.
b. norepinephrine.
c. dopamine.
d. benzodiazepine.
b. norepinephrine
A behavioral technique that is used by clinicians to treat anxiety disorder involving progressive and systematic patterns of muscle tensing and easing is known as
a. systematic desensitization.
b. thought stopping.
c. panic control therapy.
d. relaxation training.
Relaxation Training
39. Maisie has an extreme fear of heights. When she registers for classes at college, she makes a point of signing up for classes that are held on the first floor of the buildings. Maisie might be diagnosed as having
a. agoraphobia.
b. social phobia.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. specific phobia.
specific phobia.
The most effective anti-anxiety medications are called
a. neuroleptics.
b. amphetamines.
c. benzodiazepines.
d. narcotics
benzodiazepines.
Many experts believe that treatment for agoraphobia is most effective when clients can confront the dreaded situation in real life. This is called
a. relaxation training.
b. PCT.
c. virtual exposure.
d. in vivo exposure.
d. in vivo exposure.
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