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Biology evolution quiz

Terms in this set (23)

Natural variation
differences among individuals of a species; results from mutation and sexual reproduction
Reproductive isolation
when two groups of organisms can no longer exchange genes.
Evolution
genetic change in populations of organisms over time.
mutation
the only source of new alleles.
behavioral isolation
individuals may not recognize each other's mating rituals.
directional selection
when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve.
Gene pool
all the genetic info in a population.
fitness
ability to survive and reproduce
species
groups of organisms that mate with one another and produce fertile offspring.
natural selection
traits (variations) selected to increase the fitness of the population for that environment.
temporal isolation
two closely related species breed at different times of the year or different times of day.
stabilizing selection
when individuals near the middle of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve.
Microevolution
change in allele frequency in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation.
adaption
any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival.
gene flow
migration of new individuals (same species) with new alleles into a population.
nonrandom mating
mates are not chosen at random
mechanical isolation
differences In the size and shapes of reproductive organs.
disruptive selection
when individuals at the opposite ends of the curve ( both ends) have higher fitness than individuals near the middle.
speciation
the formation of new species
artificial selection
also called breeding, nature provides the variation and humans select the variations they find most useful.
genetic drift
in small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals just by random chance.
geographic isolation
form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
habitat isolation
individuals occupy different habitats.
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