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B356S-Communication in the body

Terms in this set (15)

What's the different between local communication vs. long-distance comm.?
local comm is via paracrine and autocrine signaling, while long-distance is via hormone (endocrine) and neurons (nervous); both send signals electrically and chemically
What are the three categories of local communication?
gap junctions, contact-dependent signals, and autocrine/paracrine signals
What are the two categories for long distance communication?
Endocrine (hormones) and nervous systems (neurotransmitters: targets are near; and neurohormones: targets are distance, go through bloodstream)
What are the 3 different derivatives of second messengers?
Nucleotides, lipid-derived, and ions
What are the two nucleotides that act as 2nd messengers?
cAMP (from ATP) and cGMP (from GTP)
What is the amplifier enzyme for cAMP, the 2nd messenger?
adenylyl cyclase (membrane)
What is the amplifier enzyme for cGMP, the 2nd messenger?
Guanylyl cyclase (membrane) and Guanylyl cyclase (cytosol)
What does adenylyl cyclase linked to?
GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor)
What do guanylyl cyclase membrane linked to?
receptor-enzyme
What do guanylyl cyclase cytosol linked to?
nitric oxide (NO)
What action does cAMP eventually lead to?
activations of protein kinases, especially PKA (protein kinase A), binds to ion channels
What action does cGMP eventually lead to?
phosphorylation of proteins and alters protein channels
What does IP3 stands for?
Inositol trisphosphate
What does DAG stands for?
diacylgylcerol
What does tyrosine kinase receptor do?
transfer phosphate from ATP to tyrosine
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