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Systems & Orgs Final Exam Review

Terms in this set (117)

define personal information system
information system used by a single individual
How many users do workgroup information systems typically support?
10 to 100 users
define departmental information system
workgroup information systems that support a particular department
define functional information system
workgroup information system that supports a particular business function
How many users does an enterprise information system support?
100-1000s of users
characteristics of a personal information system:
- single user
- procedures informal
- problems isolated
- easy to manage change
characteristics of a workgroup information system:
- 10 to 100 users
- procedures understood within group
- problem solutions within group
- somewhat difficult to change
characteristics of an enterprise information system:
- 100 to 1000s users
- procedures formalized
- problem solutions affect enterprise
- difficult to change
characteristics of an inter-enterprise information system:
- 1000s users
- procedures formalized
- problem solutions affect multiple organizations
- difficult to change
define enterprise information system
information systems that span an organization and support activities of people in multiple departments

ex: hospital
define inter-enterprise information system
information systems shared by two or more independent orgs

ex: supply chain management
define information silo
the condition that exists when data are isolated in separated information systems
Problems of _________________ __________:
- data are duplicated
- data inconsistency
- data integrity problem
- disjointed process
- limited information and lack of integration information
- isolated decisions lead to organizational inefficiencies
- more expensive
information silos
solutions to solve problems of information silos (2):
- to integrate the data into a single databased and revise applications to use that database
- allow the isolation but manage it to avoid problems
define business process reengineering
the activity of altering existing and designing new business processes to take advantage of new information systems
define inherent processes
predesigned procedures for using the software products
How do inherent processes support enterprise systems?
saves organizations from expensive and time-consuming business process reengineering
define customer relationship management (CRM)
a suite of applications, database, and set of inherent processes for managing all the interactions with the customer, from lead generation to customer service
What are the 4 steps of the Customer Life Cycle?
1) Marketing (attract)
2) Customer Acquisition (sell)
3) Relationship Management (support and resell)
4) Loss/churn (categorize)
define enterprise resource planning (ERP)
a suite of applications, database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent computing platform
What is the primary purpose of ERP?
integration
______ includes the functions of CRM but also incorporates accounting, manufacturing, inventory, and human resources application.
ERP
_____ systems are used to forecast sales and to create manufacturing plans and schedules to meet those forecasts.
ERP
______ is the worldwide leader of ERP vendors.
SAP
What is the disadvantage of ERP systems?
they're not for every organization
define Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
a suite of software applications that integrates existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together
_________ enables a gradual move to ERP.
EAI
______:
- connects system "islands" via a new layer of software/system
- enables existing applications to communicate and share data
- provides integrated information
- leverages existing systems by providing an integration layer over the top
EAI
What are the major benefits of EAI?
- enables orgs to use existing applications while eliminating many of the serious problems of isolated systems
- converting to an EAI system is not nearly as disruptive as converting to ERP
- EAI can be a stepping stone to complete ERP systems
What are some challenges when implementing and upgrading enterprise systems?
- collaborative management
- requirement gaps
- transition problems
- employee resistance
- new technology
What are the functions of the IS department?
- plan the use of IS to accomplish organizational goals and strategy
- manage outsourcing relationships
- protect information assets
- develop, operate, and maintain the organization's computing infrastructure
________________ investigates new IS technologies and determines how the org can benefit from them.
Technology
Who is the principal manager of the IS department?
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Who heads the technology group?
Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
_____________ manages the computing infrastructure, including individual computers, in-house server farms, networks, and communications media
Operations
_________________ manages the process of creating new information systems as well as maintaining existing information systems.
Development
outsourcing relations
exists in organizations that have negotiated outsourcing agreements with other companies to provide equipment, applications, or other services
data administration
Protects data and information assets by establishing data standards and data management practices and policies
IS vs IT
- IS exists to help the organization achieve its goals and objectives
- IT is simply technology
Chief Security Officer (CSO)
manages security for all of the organization's assets: physical plant and equipment, employees, intellectual property, and digital
Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
manages security for the organization's information systems and information
Steering Committee
a group of senior managers from the major business functions that works with the CIO to set the IS priorities and decide among major IS projects and alternatives
What is the function of the steering committee?
serves an important communication function between IS and the users
Define outsourcing
process of hiring another organization to perform a service
Advantages of Outsourcing
saves costs, gain expertise, and frees management time
Advantages of outsourcing information systems
- management advantages
- cost reduction
- risk reduction
Risks of Outsourcing:
- loss of control
- benefits outweighed by long-term costs
- no easy exit
User Information Systems Rights:
- computer hardware and programs that allow you to fulfill your job
- contribute to requirements for new system features and functions
- reliable systems development and maintenance
User Information Systems Responsibilities:
- learn basic computer skills
- learn standard techniques and procedures for the applications being used
- follow security and backup procedures
Why is formalized project management necessary?
- medium and large sized companies have projects that are large and complex
Systems development projects require the balancing of three critical drivers:
1) Requirements (scope)
2) Cost
3) Time
What is a baseline?
the minimum level of security and performance of a system in an organization
What does the baseline do?
stipulates the tasks to be accomplished, labor, and other resources assigned to the tasks
Project Management Institute
an international organization focused on disseminating best practices in project management
The purpose of ______ _______________ is to ensure that managers understand project risks and balance risk factors, or that they take other appropriate actions to mitigate unwanted outcomes.
risk management
What are the steps of the project management process?
1) initiating
2) planning
3) executing
4) monitoring and controlling
5) closing
___________________ management concerns contracts with outside vendors for services, material, and outsourcing of functions.
Procurement
What is the key strategy for large scale systems development?
divide and conquer
Each task should culminate in one or more ______________ (documents, designs, data models, etc.)
deliverables
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.
The ________ ______________ ____________ identifies task dependencies and precedence relationships, estimates task duration, cost and labor needed, and is created with project management software.
work breakdown structure
What does the baseline WBS show?
the planned tasks, dependencies, durations, and resource assignments
________ is the single most important management tool for large-scale projects.
WBS
What is the biggest challenge for planning a systems development project?
scheduling
define function point
a feature or function of the new program
What are the biggest challenges for managing a systems development project?
- coordination
- diseconomies of scale
- configuration control
- unexpected events
- maintaining team morale over time
define configuration control
a set of management policies, practices, and tools that developers use to maintain control over the project's resources
What is the last major challenge to IS project management?
unexpected events
What is the single most important task for users on a systems development project?
taking responsibility for requirements
define requirements creep
the process by which users agree to one set of requirements, then add a bit more
The Role of Users in the Systems Development Process
- users cannot be passive
- responsible for ensuring complete and accurate requirements
- avoiding requirements creep
- conduct beta testing
- final approval of system
Which of the following statements is true of inherent processes?

a) Inherent processes provide an alternative to business process reengineering.
b) Inherent processes are almost always a perfect fit.
c) Inherent processes are expensive and time-consuming.
d) Organizations cannot license the software used in inherent processes.
a) Inherent processes provide an alternative to business process reengineering.
Inter-enterprise information systems are referred to as ________ because in such systems processing is divided across multiple computing devices.

a) integrated systems
b) business intelligence systems
c) departmental information
d) distributed systems
d) distributed systems
Information systems that span an organization and support activities in multiple departments and has hundreds to thousands of users. Its Procedures are formalized and extensively documented; users undergo formal procedure training.

The above describes a(n)______________ information system.

a) Inter-Enterprise
b) Enterprise
c) Complex
d) management
b) enterprise
An enterprise resource planning system (ERP) can also include CRM applications.

a) True
b) False
a) true
An EAI information system:

a) provides integrated layer on top of existing systems while leaving functional applications "as is".
b) all responses listed
c) connects system "islands".
d) provides integrated information.
b) all responses listed
The ________ group within the information systems (IS) department manages the process of creating new information systems as well as maintaining existing information systems.

a) technology
b) operations
c) development
d) data administration
c) development
Which of the following is true of the alignment between information systems and organizational strategies?

a) Maintaining the alignment between information systems and strategies is a final process.
b) Information systems must evolve with changes made in organizational strategies.
c) Integrating different information systems applications with organizational strategies is inexpensive.
d) The infrastructure of information systems can be easily influenced by strategic changes.
b) Information systems must evolve with changes made in organizational strategies.
Which position in the IS department is responsible for the security of the information assets?
a) CTO
b) CIO
c) COO
d) CISO
d) CISO
Which of the following is a right of a user of information systems (IS)?

a) receiving repetitive training and support for the same issues
b) expecting hand-holding for basic operations
c) contributing to requirements for new system features and functions
d) making hardware modifications to your computer as you see fit
c) contributing to requirements for new system features and functions
________ is a title given to the principal manager of an organization's IS department.

a) Chief information officer
b) Chief technology officer
c) Chief executive officer
d) Chief operating officer
a) Chief Information Officer
______________ is the most important stage in the Project Management Process.
Planning
Resources cannot be taken from noncritical path tasks to shorten tasks on the critical path.
a) True
b) False
b) False
One approach businesses take to address scheduling challenges in large-scale systems is avoiding the development of software in-house.
a) True
b) False
a) true
Systems development projects require the balancing of three critical drivers: requirements, cost, and ______
a) scope
b) time
c) performance
d) value
b) time
Each task in a systems development project should culminate in one or more ________.
a) deliverables
b) resources
c) designs
d) phases
a) deliverables
____________ is a subset of project management that includes the processes required to ensure timely completion of the project.

a) Project implementation
b) Project Time Management
c) Sequencing
d) Project Risk Management
b) Project Time Management
Project tasks on the critical path cannot be allowed to run late if the project is to be delivered on time
a) True
b) False
a) true
A critical path is a sequence of activities that determine the latest date by which a project can be completed
a) True
b) False
b) false
Which of the following is most likely to make use of an enterprise information system?
a. hospitals
b. drug salespersons
c. PRIDE systems
d. physician partnerships
a) hospitals
Which of the following is a problem posed by information silos?
a. Data cannot be duplicated.
b. A lot of file space is wasted.
c. The interdependence between various information systems applications increases.
d. There is a lack of integrated enterprise information.
d. There is a lack of integrated enterprise information.
In organizations where primary information systems support only accounting activities, a reporting arrangement wherein the chief information officer reports to the ________ is practical.

a. chief executive officer
b. chief operating officer
c. chief financial officer
d. chief technology officer
c. chief financial officer
In the context of a systems development project, which of the following statements is true of the relationships between requirements(scope), cost, and time?

a. Increasing the time for the completion of a project always increases the cost of the project.
b. Increasing the cost of a project will always reduce the time required to finish the project.
c. Reducing the requirements in a project rarely affects the time required to finish the project.
d. Reducing the number of requirements in a project reduces the overall cost of the project.
d. Reducing the number of requirements in a project reduces the overall cost of the project.
SQL stands for _______________ ____________ ________________, in which keywords are used to interact with the database system.
Structured Query Language
Typically, a SQL statement is called a __________, which is a string of commands written in a defined format to both retrieve data or modify the database.
query
SELECT
used to retrieve data from the database
UPDATE
used to modify or adjust data within the tables of a database, such as changing someone's name
DELETE
used to remove a record of data from a table
INSERT
used to insert new records of data, either a single record or bulk records through automated processes
String data and dates must always be defined in __________.
quotes
SQL commands and keywords are displayed in what color?
purple
Variable information, such as table names, field names, values, and other non-SQL keywords are in what color?
green
SQL commands and keywords are written in ___________ case.
upper
What are clauses in SQL?
the main sections of a query statement
The _________ statement is used for when information saved in the database needs to be retrieved for display or processing.
SELECT
SELECT clause two purposes:
- defines that data needs to be retrieved from a database
- specifies a list of fields that should be included in the final results
FROM clause
defines the tables in which information should be retrieved from
WHERE clause
defines which records are of interest and should be included in the results or to skip a record
ORDER BY clause
need to sort the results alphabetically or by smallest to largest
LIMIT clause
defines a cap on the number of records returned in the results
AVG finds the:
average within a data set
COUNT()
counts the number of records
GROUP BY clause
consolidate data based on a condition
HAVING clause
secondary filtering to filter final records
A _______, using various types of join statements, allows combining records from multiple tables into one result set based on a set of conditions
join
How many different join functions are there?
Four:
1) inner join
2) left join
3) right join
4) full outer join
INNER JOIN
Most common type of join; includes rows in the query only when the joined field matches records in both tables
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