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APUSH Period 6: 1865-1898

Terms in this set (22)

"Gilded Age"
1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor. Coined by Mark Twain, led to emergence of monopolies
Transcontinental Railroad
Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
expansion of the workforce led to
more farmers moving to cities for jobs
emergence of unions
sought better working conditions and wages
"New South"
After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady played an important role.
Dawes Act
1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners
Indian Assimilation
Reformers in the 19th century advocated a policy toward native peoples that involved Christianizing them, eliminating their native languages and cultural practices. "Kill the Indian to save the man." was slogan of the assimilationists. The most infamous practices of assimilationist policy were the forced Indian Boarding schools, where children were forcibly removed from their parents' and tribe and educated by whites. One such school survives as a museum near Shawnee Mission Parkway in KS.
Boom in immigration (New Immigration)
-Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s
-Most were from southern and eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Baltic states; many Catholics and Jews)
-Sparks lots of nativist backlash; most hostility comes from religion but some from economic competition
Knights of Labor
-led by Terence V. Powderly
-open-membership policy extending to unskilled, semiskilled, women, African-Americans, immigrants
-didn't accept Asians/Chinese
-goal was to create a cooperative society between in which labors owned the industries in which they worked
-Led many strikes (biggest was Haymarket Square)
Haymarket Square Riot
100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.
Pullman Strike
in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing
Characteristics of cities
Divided ethnically, racially, and economically ,
Provided jobs in factories to large numbers of women, immigrants, and African Americans
price drops for agricultural products
-Great for people living in cities (lowered the cost of living)
-Not good for farmers growing the products
-helped lead to creation of Populist Party
Populist Party (People's Party)
-U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers
-favored free coinage of silver (inflation/having more money in circulation)
-wanted government control of railroads, telegraphs, and other monopolies
-joined with Dems and nominated Williams Jennings Bryant; Lost two elections
-unsuccessful as a party, very successful as an ideology; many later progressive movements picked up their ideas such as voting on a secret ballot and the direct election of senators
political machines
Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.
Tammany Hall
a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism. Led by Boss Tweed
Mechanization
-use of automatic machinery to increase production
-started to create more products
-helped lead to American Imperialism to expand our market
American Imperialism
-the period when America sought to control the political and economic fortunes of weaker nations such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War
-helps to expand market to Asia
-some territories were used for docking/refueling station
-Panama Canal helped unlock maritime trade
Insular Cases
Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens. Just because America gains a territory doesn't mean the people that live there get the same rights as US citizens.
people migrated west post civil war due to
-economic opportunities
-government policies
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
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