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Chapter 26 Antibacterials

Terms in this set (21)

The nurse is caring for a patient who is on antibiotic therapy for cardiac surgical prophylaxis. The nurse observes red blotching of the face, neck, and chest of the patient. Which medication is associated with this side effect of "red man" syndrome?

A. Lincomycin (Lincocin)
B. Clindamycin (Cleocin)
C. Telithromycin (Ketek)
D. Vancomycin (Vancocin)
D
How does superinfection occur in a patient?

A. When the serum level of an antibiotic is too high
B. When the patient has a gram-positive bacterial infection
C. When the patient has a gram-negative bacterial infection
D. When the antibiotic eliminates the normal bacterial flora
D; superinfection can occur when antibiotics completely eliminate the normal bacterial flora
How does penicillin work to destroy bacteria?

A. It interferes with cell wall synthesis.
B. It binds irreversibly to the cell wall.
C. It interrupts bacterial DNA processes.
D. It interrupts bacterial RNA processes.
A; it disrupts the synthesis of the cell wall and promotes active destruction of the cell wall
A patient is prescribed demeclocycline (Declomycin) for the treatment of a respiratory infection. What instruction does the nurse give to the patient to ensure safe administration of the drug?

A. "Avoid eating high-protein foods."
B. "Avoid the consumption of dairy products."
C. "Avoid eating low-carbohydrate foods."
D. "Avoid eating high-calorie foods."
B; food drug interaction will occur resulting in decreased gastrointestinal absorption go the Declomycin
The patient has been ordered azithromycin (Zithromax) and asks the nurse why the medication does not have to be taken as often as other antibiotics that have previously been ordered. What is the nurse's best response?

A. "I'll call the pharmacy and ask about the chemical makeup of the drug."
B. "This drug has a longer duration of action than some of the other antibiotics."
C. "You'll need to ask your health care provider questions like that."
D. "This is a much more effective drug than what you received previously."
B
Which side effect reported by the patient who is on an antibiotic therapy would be of high priority and require prompt notification to the primary health care provider?

A. "I have difficulty in breathing."
B. "I have trouble with digestion."
C. "I have giddiness upon standing."
D. "I have pain in the upper abdomen."
A
A patient receiving metronidazole (Flagyl) treatment reports shortness of breath, facial flushing, severe headache, sweating, slurred speech, and abdominal cramps. Which of the patient's actions could have led to this condition?

A. Drinking alcohol
B. Taking vitamin B 6
C. Taking echinacea
D. Swishing the medication
A
A primary health care provider prescribes an antacid to a patient who is taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro). What information will the nurse mention while counseling the patient?

A. "Take the antacid every alternate day."
B. "Take both drugs simultaneously."
C. "Take the drug on an empty stomach."
D. "Take the antacid 2 hours before the drug."
D; this will improve the drug's absorption
Which adverse effect is the nurse alert for in a patient who is taking tobramycin (Nebcin) as an antibiotic therapy?

A. Pain on injection
B. Nausea
C. Hearing loss
D. Confusion
C; aminoglycosides like Nebcin has an adverse effect of hearing loss
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed cefazolin sodium (Ancef). Which nursing assessment is the priority?

A. History, including allergies
B. Cardiac assessment
C. Neurological assessment
D. History of immunizations
A; antibiotic allergy is one of the most common drug allergies
A 22-year-old female patient is prescribed amoxicillin. Which is the most important intervention for this patient?

A. Instruct the patient to not take the medication before meals.
B. Assess if the patient is on oral contraceptives.
C. Inform the patient about possible superinfections.
D. Obtain a baseline complete blood count.
B; this medicine may decrease the effectiveness of contraceptives
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated for acne. The nurse anticipates that the health care provider is most likely to treat the patient using which medication?

A. Polymyxin
B. Bacitracin
C. Tetracycline
D. Vancomycin
C
When instructing a patient about antibiotic therapy, the nurse explains that which condition occurs when the normal flora are disturbed during antibiotic therapy?

A. Hypersensitivity
B. Rebound toxicity
C. Organ toxicity
D. Superinfection
D
The nurse is educating a patient who has been prescribed dicloxacillin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?

A. "I should take more fluids."
B. "I should take this medication with food."
C. "I should stop using the drug when symptoms subside."
D. "I should notify the primary health care provider if I get any allergy."
C
The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to administer intravenous penicillin. Which nursing action would be beneficial prior to administering the drug?

A. Locating the intravenous (IV) site
B. Recording the daily urine output
C. Obtaining serum creatinine levels
D. Assessing the client for any allergies
D
A patient who is on ampicillin (Principen) therapy developed a mild rash and hives after 2 days. Which drug would the primary health care provider prescribe to treat this condition?

A. Nystatin
B. Epinephrine
C. Antihistamines
D. Bronchodilators
C
Which laboratory reports will the nurse evaluate if the patient is administered vancomycin (Vancocin) and tobramycin (Nebcin)?

A. Serum creatinine
B. Prothrombin time
C. Serum glucose
D. Serum electrolytes
A; this can cause a drug interaction so you should evaluate serum creatine levels to assess kidney function
A patient is prescribed levofloxacin (Levaquin) for the treatment of a bacterial infection. During the assessment, the nurse finds that the patient is taking calcium supplements. The nurse instructs the patient to take calcium supplements 2 hours after taking levofloxacin (Levaquin). What could be the reason for this?

A. Calcium supplements interfere with levofloxacin (Levaquin) absorption.
B. Calcium supplements increase the serum concentration of levofloxacin (Levaquin).
C. Calcium supplements antagonize the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin (Levaquin).
D. Calcium supplements and levofloxacin (Levaquin) interact, affecting the intestinal flora.
A
A patient on antibiotic therapy needs trough levels drawn. Which is the most appropriate time for the nurse to draw the trough level?

A. 10 minutes before administration of the intravenous antibiotic
B. 30 minutes after beginning administration of the intravenous antibiotic
C. 60 minutes after completion of the intravenous antibiotic infusion
D. 90 minutes after the intravenous antibiotic is scheduled to be administered
A; trough levels are drawn just before the infusion
Which antiprotozoal drug is effective for the treatment of trichomoniasis?

A. Iodoquinol (Diquinol)
B. Atovaquone (Mepron)
C. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
D. Pentamidine (NebuPent)
C
The registered nurse is evaluating a nursing student who is caring for a patient on levofloxacin (Levaquin) for a urinary tract infection. Which action of the student nurse needs correction?

A. Instructing the patient to have caffeinated products
B. Instructing the patient to take the drug along with food
C. Instructing the patient to drink eight glasses of water per day
D. Informing the primary health care provider if the pH of urine is 5
A; caffeine may aggravate a urinary infection
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