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BIO 120 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE - MODULE 4

Terms in this set (121)

3 types of neurons
sensory, motor, interneurons
Describe sensory neurons
take nerve signals from a sensory receptor to the CNS.
Describe interneurons
entirely in CNS; communicates with other neurons
Describe motor neurons
move nerve impulses away from the CNS to an effector
What are the main parts of a neuron?
cell body, dendrite, axon
How is a nerve impulse propagated?
an exchange of Na+ and K+ ions generates an action potential that moves along the length of a neuron

an action potential in one locaton stimulates the production of an action potential in an adjacent part of the neuron membrane

if the nerve is myelinated, the action potential moves more quickly, "jumping" from one node of Ranvier to the next.
Functions of the spinal cord
Provides a means of communication between the brain and the peripheral nerves

is the center of reflex actions
Regions of the brain and functions of each.
cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum brain stem
Cerebrum
largest part

integrates sensory inputs and coordinates activities
of other parts of the brain
Diencephalon
contains the hypothalamus and thalamus

maintains homeostasis & receives sensory input
Cerebellum
sends motor impulses by way of the brain stem to the skeletal muscles

produces smooth, coordinated voluntary movements
Brain stem
contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

acts as a relay station and the medulla has reflex centers.
How does RAS aid in homeostasis?
RAS regulates a person's alertness, relays sensory signals to higher signals, and filters out unneccessary stimuli, which are important functions i being provperly responsive to one's environment.
Function of the limbic system
a group of brain structures that blends primitive emotions and higher mental functions into a united whole
What limbic system structures are involved in the fight-or-flight reaction, learning and long-term memory?
amygdala > fight-or-flight

hippocampus > learning and memory

the hippocampus acts as a bridge between the sensory association areas of the cerebral cortex where memories are stored long-term and the prefrontal areas of the cortex where memories are used.
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