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Bio 234 ~ Lab FINAL

Terms in this set (225)

Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
Identify the type of epithelial tissue found lining the urinary bladder.
transitional epithelium
The glomerulus of the kidney consists of ___ continuous fenestrated capillaries.
fenestrated
Place the following vessels in the correct order in which a drop of blood flowing through the kidneys would encounter them.
Label the structures of the kidney
Label the structures of a nephron in the figure.
Correctly label the following components of the urinary system.
Label the midsagittal male pelvis using the hints provided.
Label the midsagittal male pelvis using the hints provided.
Label the micrograph of the urinary bladder using the hints provided.
Label the micrograph of the urinary bladder using the hints provided.
Label the internal anatomy of the kidney using the hints provided.
Label the internal anatomy of the kidney using the hints provided.
Label the internal anatomy of the kidney using the hints provided.
Place the following structures in order as urine passes through them.
Fill in the description with the appropriate layer of the urinary bladder. Then arrange the sentences in order from superficial to deep, with the deep layer closest to the lumen of the bladder. Start with the general sentence first.
Fill in the description with the appropriate part of the male urethra. Then arrange the sentences in order to describe the flow of urine through the urethra.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate part of the kidney. Then place the sentences in order to make a coherent paragraph.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate part of the kidney. Then place the sentences in order from superficial to deep.
Which structure is highlighted?
abdominal part of ureter
Which structure is highlighted?
external urethral sphincter
Which structure is highlighted?
minor calyces
Which structure is highlighted?
external urethral orifice
Which structure is highlighted?
major calyces
Which structure is highlighted?
ureter
Which structure is highlighted?
cortex
Which structure is highlighted?
renal papilla
Which structure is highlighted?
renal pyramids
Which structure is highlighted?
urethra
Correctly label the following anatomical structures of the female urethra and urinary bladder.
Correctly label the following parts of a renal corpuscle.
A nephron consists of
a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
Match the component of a nephron with its description.
Correctly label the following anatomical parts of the male urethra and urinary bladder.
The ___________ inside the bladder is formed by imaginary lines connecting the two ureter openings and the urethral opening.
trigone
Label the structures of the kidney.
Match the tissue layer surrounding the kidney with its function.
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Prostatic urethra
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Renal cortex
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Right renal vein
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Right kidney
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Left kidney
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Right ureter
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Renal hilum
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
External urethral sphincter
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Spongy (penile) urethra
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Urinary bladder
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Renal pelvis
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Urethra
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Major calyx
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Left adrenal (suprarenal) gland
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Left ureter
Which structure is highlighted?
bladder
Label the CT scan of the abdominal contents using the hints provided.
Which structure is highlighted?
left kidney
Place the following structures found in the female pelvis is order from posterior to anterior.
Label the structures of the posterior abdominal wall using the hints if provided.
Which structure is highlighted?
left renal pelvis
Label the blood vessels associated with the urinary system using the hints provided.
Which structure is highlighted?
medulla
Label the urinary posterior abdominal structures using the hints provided.
Place the following parts of the kidney in order of urine flow.
Label the midsagittal female pelvis using the hints provided.
Group each of the layers of the urinary system together based on the four basic types of tissue.
Which structure is highlighted?
pararenal fat
Which structure is highlighted?
renal pyramids
Which structure is highlighted?
external urethral orifice
Which structure is highlighted?
abdominal aorta
Which structure is highlighted?
pelvis
Label the structures of the urinary system using the hints provided.
Label the micrograph of the renal corpuscle and surrounding structures using the hints provided.
Which structure is highlighted?
spongy urethra
Which structure is highlighted?
urethra
Which structure is highlighted?
external urethral sphincter
Which of the following is the female gonad?
ovary
Which of the following is the male gonad?
testis
Which of the following are male accessory reproductive structures? (Check all that apply.)
ALL
- bulbourethral glands
- epididymis
- penis
- prostate gland
- seminal vesicles
Which of the following ligaments anchors the ovary to the body wall of the uterus?
ovarian ligament
Label the female external genitalia in the figure.
Label the anatomy of a testis in the figure.
Label the ducts of the male reproductive system in the figure.
Label the structures of the penis in the figure.
Label the following male reproductive passages that convey sperm and/or aid in the production of semen.
Label the structures surrounding the ovary in the figure.
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Anus
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Bulb of vestibule
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Clitoris
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Greater vestibular gland
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Urethral Opening
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Vaginal Opening
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Anococcygeal ligament
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Coccyx
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Ischium
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Pubis
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Sacrotuberous ligament
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Ovaries
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Rectouterine pouch
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Rectum
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Round ligaments
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Urinary Bladder
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Uterine tubes
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Uterus
Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?
Vesicouterine pouch
The main functions of the urinary system are
Removal of waste and regulation of water and electrolyte balance
Blood vessels and the renal calices are located in the
Renal sinus
The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.
True
Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions?
True
What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?
The detrusor muscle
The functional filtration unit of the kidney is the
Nephron
What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?
Renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries
The junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the
Corticomedullary junction
The major calices merge to form a single, funnel-shaped
Renal pelvis
Blood vessels, nerves and the renal pelvis enter/exit the kidney at the
Hilum
The two components of a nephron are the
Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle.
True
What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by
Their location within the renal cortex
The juxtaglomerular apparatus
Monitors blood sodium concentration and adjusts glomerular filtration volume
Urine is formed in the
nephron
Which of the following is one of the processes in urine formation?
Tubular secretion
What percentage of glomerular filtrate becomes urine?
1%
Most of the water in tubular fluid is resorbed in the
Proximal convoluted tubule
Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances
From capillary blood to tubular fluid
The external urethral sphincter is under ___________ control.
Somatic
Sympathetic impulses cause the smooth muscle of the bladder wall to contract.
False
Relaxation of the external urethral sphincter is caused by
Signals from the brain
The micturition reflex involves impulses from the bladder traveling to which region of the spinal cord?
Sacral
What causes an increase in the frequency of action potentials from the bladder to the spinal cord?
Distension of the bladder from an increase in urine
An individual's conscious decision to urinate is due to altering nerve signals relayed from the cerebral cortex through the spinal cord and along the pudendal nerve to cause relaxation of the
external urethral sphincter.
Indicate whether each of the following substances is reabsorbed from the filtrate or secreted into the filtrate.
With GFR = UV/P, concentration of inulin in urine = 125 mg/mL; volume of urine = 1 mL/min; and concentration of inulin in plasma = 1 mg/mL, then GFR =
125 mL/min.
The expulsion of urine from the bladder is referred to as
micturition.
Match the correct terms, related to the urinary bladder, with their definitions.
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. Not all terms will be used.
Click and drag the words or phrases on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Then click and drag the sentences to arrange them in order so that they accurately describe the flow of fluid through the renal tubules. Not all terms will be used.
Indicate whether each of the following would increase or decrease urine volume.
If the transport maximum (Tm) of glucose is 320 mg/minute, what will happen if the tubular fluid contains 350 mg/minute of glucose?
Glucose will be excreted into the urine.
Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?
Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Explain the order of kidney structures (and thus urine flow) leaving the renal papilla until reaching the urinary bladder.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is typically measured using the filtering rate of a polysaccharide fiber called
inulin.
Correctly label the forces involved in glomerular filtration.
The average daily volume of urine is normally
1-2 liters
Indicate whether each of the following is a characteristic of the ascending limb or the descending limb of the nephron loop.
Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list.
A urine sample with the lowest pH would have:
the highest concentration of hydrogen ions
Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), directly increases the permeability of which region of the nephron to water?
the collecting duct
The force that pushes fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space is:
the blood pressure.
Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is:
secreted into the blood from the posterior pituitary.
If you have a solution containing a solute and water is removed from the solution, what happened to the concentration of the solute?
The concentration of the solute increases.
Renal failure is another term for __________.
kidney failure
Which gland(s) sit(s) on top of each kidney?
Adrenal
The smallest branches of the renal artery are called the __________.
afferent arterioles
Urine is produced in the __________.
kidneys
Each nephron consists of a __________.
renal tubule and a renal corpuscle
The first step of urine production is called _________.
glomerular filtration
The second step of urine production is called __________.
tubular reabsorption
The third step of urine production is called _________.
tubular secretion
Human somatic cells contain twenty-two pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
True
Spermatogenesis is the __ of sperm, whereas spermiogenesis is the __ of sperm.
production, maturation
Which of the following wall layers of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
endometrium
A surge in ___ causes ovulation in females.
LH
In meiosis, there is/are ___ nuclear division(s), whereas in mitosis there is/are ___ nuclear division(s).
Two, One
Match the embryonic duct with the structure that arises from it.
- Mesonephric duct : Most of the male duct system
- Paramesonephric duct : Most of the female duct system
Match the duct of the male reproductive system with its function.
What are the phases of the female sexual response? Check all that apply.
- Orgasm
- Excitement phase
- Resolution phase
Resolution phase of the male sexual response is followed by a refractory period, during which the man cannot attain another erection.
True
Match the information given with the correct stage of labor: 1st (dilation), 2nd (expulsion), or 3rd (placental).
Mitosis...
Involves a single cell division and results in two diploid cells
The normal chromosome number in a human cell is...
46
Completion of meiosis produces...
Four haploid daughter cells
How many cells are formed in meiosis?
4
Differing orientations of chromosomes along the cell equator during Metaphase I, resulting in gametes with different combinations of parental chromosomes is known as...
Independent assortment
The exchange of DNA between adjacent homologous chromatids is known as...
Crossing over
The process of homologous pairing along the length of chromosomes during meiosis is known as...
Synapsis
How many chromosomes do daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis?
23
How many nuclear divisions occur in meiosis?
2
Which cells produce testosterone?
interstitial cells
How many sperm are produced in the testes each day?
60 million
Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system passes through the prostate gland?
Ejaculatory ducts
Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?
Prostate
What is the name of the germ cell from which sperm arise?
Spermatogonia
Secondary spermatocytes divide to form...
Spermatids
Sperm cells reach maturity in the...
epididymis
The non-germ cells of the seminiferous tubule epithelium are known as...
Sustentacular cells
The internal organs of the female reproductive system include the...
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Each ovary is attached to the uterus by the __________ ligament and is held in place by the ______________ ligament.
Ovarian; suspensory
Which region of the uterine tube is the normal site of fertilization?
The ampulla
Which of the following is found in the cortex of the ovary?
The ovarian follicles
Gonadotropic releasing hormone is released by the...
Hypothalamus
Which hormone prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Decreasing levels of ____________ lead to sloughing, or shedding, of the endometrial lining.
Progesterone
When does a mature oocyte complete meiosis I?
Just prior to ovulation
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes a...
Corpus albicans
What is the correct sequence of embryonic stages?
Zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryoblast
What stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II?
When a sperm cell penetrates the oocyte membrane
Which two hormones influence the endometrium to thicken and prepare for implantation?
Progesterone and estrogen
Oogenesis is...
The production of immature oocytes in the ovary
Drag each of the terms or statements in the proper category to identify whether the given label refers to an item or process that occurs prior to or after ovulation. Assume that the ovulation occurs on day 14 and unless specifically stated, assume fertilization was unsuccessful.
Place the following labels in order through which an unfertilized oocyte will pass beginning with the site of production.
Match the description with the specific type of ovarian follicle.
Match the phase associated with the changes in the endometrium during the female monthly cycle with its description.
Drag and drop each item to the correct mode of gamete formation.
Label the stages of the ovarian cycle in the figure, based on the levels of FSH and LH, and days of the month.
Match each hormone with its associated event in the ovarian cycle.
Put sperm development in order, beginning with the germ (stem) cell from which all sperm develop.
Match the male accessory gland with its secretions.
Match the hormone with its effect on the ovary, uterus, or oogenesis.
Label the stages of the uterine cycle in the figure.
Drag and drop the label next to the corresponding stage of spermatogenesis.
Match the phases of the ovarian cycle with their descriptions.
Match the anatomical parts and functions of the scrotum with their appropriate descriptions.
Match the duct of the male reproductive system with its function.
During which phase of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes line up across from each other in the center of the cell?
Metaphase I
Place the following images into the correct order to represent meiosis I.
Place the following images into the correct order to represent meiosis II.
If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has ______ chromosomes.
16
During which phase of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase II
At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid?
Anaphase II
Classify the following stages of the cell cycle into meiosis or mitosis.
During which phase of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase I
Label the figure with the items provided.
Arrange the early stages of human embryonic development into the proper order.
Put the steps of lactation in order.
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.
Match the primary germ layer with some of the structures that arise from it.
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