Volcanoes!

Terms in this set (20)

volcano
a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt
dormant volcano
A volcano that has not erupted for a long time, but may erupt again one day.
active volcano
a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future
vent
The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
crater
a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano
rift
deep long cracks where earth's plates seperate
hot spots
areas of volcanic activities that result from plumes of hot solid material that have risen from deep inside earths mantle
explosive eruption
Volcanic event that can be created when magma is very thick, and clog up a volcano, stopping gases from erupting, leading to a buildup of pressure. often levels of silica and trapped water vapor are very high, causing the viscosity of the magma to increase dramatically
effusive eruption
occurs when magma flows easily and gently bubbles out, the lava is thin and runny as it oozes out quietly from the vent. This type of magma has a low amount of trapped water vapor and silica, causing a more fluid viscosity and allowing the magma to flow
shield volcano
Broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers.
cinder cone volcano
a steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
composite volcano
volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other
batholith
largest intrusive igneous rock body that forms when magma being forced upward toward Earth's crust cools slowly and solidifies underground
volcanic neck
solid igneous core of a volcano left behind after the softer cone has been eroded
caldera
The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses.
silica
A material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; it is the primary substance of Earth's crust and mantle.
volcano location
volcanoes form in places that are directly related to the movement of earth's plates
Ring of fire
A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean.
island arc
A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep-ocean trench
hot spring
A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma.
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