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Public Health
Introduction to Dental Public Health
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Dental Hygiene community
Terms in this set (33)
What is Public Health
1) The effort to promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury and disability at the population level.
2) Focuses on the health of a population rather than the individual. The community is the patient.
3) Promotes the health of the public across three domains: Health protection, prevention, and health promotion
What is Public health continued
1) The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health through organized community efforts....(winslow)
Defining dental Public Health
"...the science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. It is that form of dental practice which serves the community as a patient rather than the individual. It is concerned with the dental education of the public, with applied dental research, and with the administration of group dental care programs as well as the prevention and control of dental disease on a community basis...."
Ten Great Public Health Achievements of the 20th Cen.
1) Safer and healthier foods
2) Healthier mothers and babies
3) Family planning
4) Fluoridation and drinking water
5) Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard
The Great Public Health Achievements...
6) Vaccinations
7) Motor-vehicle safety
8) Safer workplaces
9) Control of infectious diseases
10 Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke
General Categories of Public Health
1) Epidemiology: study of cause and distribution of disease
2) Statistics: collecting, organizing and making predictions from information
3) Biomedical sciences: preventing and treating disease
General Categories of Public Health cont.
4) Environmental health sciences
5) Social and behavioral sciences: culture, beliefs, and motivational issues
6) Health policy and management: government and community programs, laws.
Paradigm Shift: From controlling to preventing disease
Primary prevention
+Using strategies or agents to forestall disease before it occurs or requires treatment.
-Water fluoridation
-Fluoride varnish
-Dental sealants
Paradigm Shift: Secondary prevention
+The treatment or control of disease early in the process.
-Conservative restorations
-Remineralization therapy
-Conservative periodontal therapy
Paradigm Shift: Tertiary prevention
+Limiting the disability of disease
-Tooth extractions
-Dental restorations
-Dentures, prosthetic devices, dental implants
Dental Public Health is....
+Less tooth decay because of fluoridated water and school programs
+Less periodontal disease because of education programs and community clinics
+Less tooth damage because of mouth-guard programs
+Less oral cancer because of tobacco cessation and cancer screening programs
The Institute of Medicine report: the future of public health
Delineated the core functions of public health
Assessment
+Regularly and systematically assesses the health needs of the community
-Studies community health status and health problems
-Epidemiological studies/measures of disease rates
-Statistics
-Collects, assembles, analyzes and presents this information.
Public Development
+ Develops comprehensive public health plans and policies
-Advocates for identified public health needs
-Prioritizes health needs
-Uses scientific knowledge in decision making
-Identifies community resources
-Builds community partnerships
Assurance
+Provides necessary services to achieve goals
-Encourages other organizations and entities to become involved
-Provides services directly by implementing programs
-Regulates actions
+Evaluates programs and provides quality assurance
+Informs and educates the public
What did the IOM's Report Do?
+Identified the core functions of public health agencies (Assessment, policy development, assurance)
+ Prompted the whole public health community to define itself
+Spurred the statement of "Essential Public Health Services"
-Developed from a Public Health Steering committee in 1994
-Defined what public health does and how it serves
The Purpose of Public Health
Goals
1) Prevent epidemics and the spread of disease
2) Protect against environmental hazards
3) Prevent injuries
4) Promote healthy behaviors
5) Respond to disasters
6) Ensure the quality and accessibility of health services
Essential Public Health Services:
How Public Health Serves
1) Monitors/measures health status
2) Diagnoses and investigates health problems and hazards
3) Informs, educates and empowers people about health issues
4) Mobilizes community partnerships
5) Develops policies and plans that support community efforts
Essential Public Health cont.
6) Enforces laws that protect health and safety
7) Links people to and assures the provision of health care
8) Assures a competent health care workforce
9) Evaluates effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of health services
10) Research for innovative solutions to health problems
Essential State Dental Public Health Services
Assessment
1) Assess oral health status and needs
2) Analyze determinants of disease
3) Assess fluoridation status in water systems
4) Implement oral health surveillance systems
Essential State Dental Public Health Services
Policy Development
1) Develop plans and policies through a collaborative process
2) Provide leadership
3) Mobilize community partnerships
Essential State Dental Public Health Services
Assurance
1) Inform, educate, and empower the public
2) Promote and enforce laws
3) Link people to oral health services; assure availability, access and acceptability
4) Support primary and secondary prevention
Essential State Dental Public Health Services
Assurance (continued)
1) Assure the adequacy of the health workforce
2) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of oral health services
3) Conduct research and support demonstration projects
How do you define a public health problem?
1) A condition or situation that is widespread
2) Actual or potential cause of morbidity or mortality
3) the perception that the condition is a public health problem
-Public in general
-Government
-Public health authorities
A Historical Perspective of Public Health Phases
First phase (1849-1900)
-Elimination and control of diseases
-Rapid industrialization
-Poor and crowded living conditions
-Basic sanitation issues
-Activities were aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality
(Efforts were therefore directed toward basis sanitation)
Second phase (1880-1930)
-Population based prevention strategies were made possible due to:
-Increased knowledge of bacteria
-Reducing infectious diseases
-Immunization programs were the outgrowth of this phase
-Antibiotics
Third phase (1930-1975)
-More complex medical treatments
-Many cures were found
-Many infectious disease eradicated (such as smallpox)
-Many diseases eradicated
-Population-based care shifted hospital care (individual)
Fourth Phase (current)
-Prevention through lifestyle factors
-Involves preventing and treating disease, but goes beyond this
~focuses on overall wellness
~Health promotion strategies
-Increased technology is limited to some segments of population
History of Dental Public Health
-The early hygiene profession was centered on public health
-Dr. Alfred C. Fones trained his assistant Irene Newman in 1906
-The early dental hygienist was to provide education and treatment in the community setting
-Advocated for dental care
State Influence
+All states have a department set up to provide health and human services to the needy
+All states have a department that includes a dental division
+State departments work to implement programs: water fluoridation, school based prevention, sealant/fluoride varnish programs
Recent Landmark Public Health Efforts
+Healthy People 2010, Healthy People 2020
+The Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health
Health People 2010
+Comprehensive, national health promotion and disease prevention plan
+Contains 467 objectives
+28 focus areas, including one for oral health
+Objectives serve as targets for the health of the nation in the year 2010, 2020
+Provides a basis for comparison
+Provides a focus for health agencies at all levels to participate in the goals of America
The Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health
+Released in May 2000
+First Surgeon General's Report on oral health
+Report's message is that oral health is vital to well-being
+Points out that oral health is achievable
+Points out the enormous discrepancy that exisits
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