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Western Civilization Exam 2

Terms in this set (89)

Greek culture after the time of Alexander the Great mixed with that of the cultures of various eastern nations, this mixed culture is today called?
Hellenistic
What Greek ruler of Syria persecuted the Jews and instituted idol worship in the Temple of Jerusalem?
Antiochus IV
The Bosci were?
Gnostics that believed that the body was evil and the soul was good, punished their bodies by eating grass and living naked - Naked gnostics that ate grass
The Minoan civilization was centered on what island?
Crete
What seems to have caused the end of the Minoan civilization?
Volcano on Thyrea island exploded
Alexander the Great followed his father Philip II as the king of what nation?
Macedonia
What Persian king did Alexander the Great defeat?
Darius III
Under which Greek leader did Athens reach the zenith of its military power and the peak of its cultural development?
Pericles
What happened at the Battle of Salamis in 479 BC that was so important for the future of Greece?
Greek navy defeated Persian army
In which battle did the famous 300 Spartans fight?
Battle of Thermopylae
Which man was responsible for killing Alexander the Great's family
Casandor
The members of the First Triumvirate were?
Julius Caesar, Crassius (defeated Sparticus, richest man in Rome), and Pompey the Great
Which was not a provision of the Benedictine Rule?
Is:
Poverty, chastity, obedience, restricted diet
Who was the first true "emperor" of the Roman Empire?
Caesar Augustus 31 BC - 14 AD
What famous general led the Carthagenians and almost defeated Rome in the 2nd Punic War? 218-201 BC
Hannibal the Great
Ancient, heavily-armed, Greek, infantry soldiers were called
Hoplites
Which two cities fought each other in the Peloponnesian Wars?
Athens and Sparta
The monastery of Monte Cassino in Italy was founded by?
St. Benedict
Pachomius was the founder of?
Cenobitic monasticism
Which was not one of the four great Greek families which divided the Empire of Alexander the Great into four kingdoms?
Attalids, Ptolemies, Seleucids, Antigonids
The lower class people of ancient Greece were called?
Demoi
The upper class people of ancient Greece were called?
Aristoi
A trireme was?
Warships created by Themistocles during the Persian wars that helped the Greeks defeat the Persians in the Battle of Salamis
Which Jewish group was violently opposed to Roman rule?
Zealots
The "Pax Romana" was?
The long period of relative peace in Roman Empire under Caesar Augustus
Which Roman emperor went totally insane?
Caligula
Which Roman general and future Roman emperor defeated the Jews in 70 AD and burned their temple?
Titus
Which Roman emperor is famous for building an extensive all-weather road system in the Roman Empire?
Caesar Augustus
The Roman republic lasted from?
509 BC - 31 BC
On what island did the Athenians loose their entire fleet and 50,000 men during the Peloponnesian War?
Sicily
King of hell
Hades
Parthenon was her temple
Athena
Known to Romans as Diana
Artemis
Goddess of the hearth and family
Hestia (Vestia)
Same as Roman god Mars
Ares
Known to the Romans as Venus
Aphrodite
Greek god of the sea
Poseidon (Neptune)
King of the gods
Zeus (Jupiter)
Greek god of wine and orgies
Dionysus
Wife of Jupiter
Juno (Hera)
Blacksmith of the gods
Hephaestus (Vulcan)
Oracle of Delphi
Spoke on behalf of Apollo
The Peloponnesian Wars
Thucydides
The Republic
Plato
The City of God
Augustine, have two citizenships in heaven and on earth, De Civitate Dei
The Anabasis
Xenophon
The Koran
Muhammad 570-632 AD
Latin Vulgate
St. Jerome, becomes official bible of Catholicism, Latin = language of church
Corpus Iuris Civilis
Justinian (last of great emperors of east), law code
The Aeneid
Virgil
Wars of the Jews
Josephus
Oedipus Rex
Sophocles
The Iliad
Homer
The Histories
Herodotus
The Bacchae
Euripides
Earth rotates on its axis
Heraclides
Calculated the size of earth
Eratosthenes
Built Paros Lighthouse
Sostrasus
Father of geometry
Euclid
Theory of atoms
Democritus
Discovered nerves
Herophilus
Tides caused by the moon
Posidonius
Heliocentric theory
Aristarchus
Specific gravity of matter
Archimedes
Father of medicine
Hippocrates
Plato
Ideas or ideal forms
Aristotle
Teacher of peripatetics and logic
Antisthenes
Founded Cynicism
Hedonism
Live only for pleasure
Epicureanism
Balances pleasure and pain
Diogenes
Lived in barrel, carried lantern, looking for honest man
Pythagoras
All things are numbers
Zeno
Founder of Stoics
Stoicism
Grin and bear it philosophy
Origen
Christian Neo-Platonist
Augustine
Christian Neo-Platonist, wrote city of God
Athenasius
Orthodox leader at council of Nicea
Delian League
A naval league made in 479 BC by Athenians and islands in the Aegean Sea, intended to protect against Persian navy. Eventually the Athenians used it to gain control of all the Greek islands in the Aegean (imperialism), used against the Spartans in the Peloponnesian Wars
Hagia Sophia
Built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian in 535 AD in the city of Constantinople, big Greek Orthodox church, captured by the Muslim Turks in 1453 AD and converted into a Muslim mosque, "holy wisdom"
Alcibides
Handsome, smart, young man from Athens, who in 412 BC convinced the Athenians to attack Sicily, part time student of Socrates, raised in the house of Pericles, great public speaker, great general, but he had lack of self control which led to Athens defeat by Sicily
Battle of Magnesia
Battle fought in 190 BC in western Asia Minor between the Romans with Attalid allies led by Scipio Asiaticus and his brother Scipio Africanus and King Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire, Romans crushed Antiochus and forced him to pay huge war fine, give up land in Asia minor to kingdom of Attalids/Pergamum, give up navy, and give a son as hostage
Epaminodias
Leader of Thebes revolt, defeats Sparta with new tactics in battle of Mantinea 362 BC but died in battle, brilliant general, trained Philip II the father of Alexander the Great
Parthenon
Built by Pericles in 450 BC, beautiful temple dedicated to worship of the goddess Athena, located in the city of Athens, one of the greatest architectural master pieces of ancient world, still standing
Draco
The leading archon in Athens in 620 BC who passed a series of very harsh laws against the demoi who had earlier revolted, laws backfired when demoi revolted again thinking they had nothing to lose
The Nicean Creed
Statement of orthodox Christian belief issued by the Council of Nicea (gathering of Christian bishops) in 325 AD, it was issued in response to the teachings of Arius who rejected the Trinity and the full deity of Christ, at one time nearly every Christian denomination in the world followed the Nicean Creed, but not today, Catholics, all types of protestants, Syrian orthodox, greek orthodox, and Christian
Cleisthenes
Athenian statesman, called the "Father of the Athenian democracy" lived around 500 BC and undertook reforms placing Athens almost under pure democracy
Battle of Issus
Fought in 333 BC by Alexander the Great of Macedonia Greece and Darius III of the Persian Empire. Battle site is today located in southeast Turkey. Although vastly outnumbered, Alexander destroyed the army of Darius, and captured his family. Beginning of the end of the Persian Empire
Themistocles
Brilliant Athenian general who convinces the Athenians to build new warship called Trireme and helps sink the Persian navy under Xerxes and defeat their army at the Battle of Salamis 480 BC
Battle of Actium
Naval battle fought in 31 BC in the Ionia Sea (between Greece and Italy), battle between Mark Antony and Cleopatra against Caesar Augustus, fighting over control of Rome, Augustus won (becomes first Roman emperor), Mark Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide, end of Roman republic and beginning of Roman Empire
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