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IT Fundamentals - Components

Pearson_IT
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Terms in this set (42)

motherboard
The main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose computers and other expandable systems.
ARM
A family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors currently used in mobile phones and tablets.
32-bit processors
Can directly access at most 4 GiB of byte-addressable memory.
64-bit processors
Can address up to 16 EiBs of memory.
64-bit
Most personal computers manufactured since 2005 use this type of processor.
primary storage
Volatile and typically referred to as RAM.
secondary storage
Non-volatile and is often referred to as a hard drive.
GPU
A specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
computer cooling
Required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components.
active cooling
Power-driven, such as with a fan
passive cooling
Using heat sinks and metal cases.
volatile memory
Computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information.
NVM
A type of computer memory that can retrieve stored information even after having been power cycled.
optical storage
Uses a laser to store and retrieve data from compact discs (CD) and DVDs.
flash drive
A portable computer drive.
NAS
A file-level (as opposed to block-level) computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.
file server
Runs one or more programs which share file resources with clients.
cloud storage
A model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools on one or more physical Internet-based servers, sometimes replicated across multiple locations.
BIOS
Firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
Bus
A communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers.
Cache
A hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster.
Chipset
A set of electronic components in an integrated circuit known as a "Data Flow Management System" that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals.
CPU
The electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program.
DDR
A computer bus that transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal.
DIMM
A series of dynamic random-access memory integrated circuits.
FRU
A printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility.
form factor
The specification of a motherboard - the dimensions, power supply type, location of mounting holes, number of ports on the back panel, etc.
HDD
An electro-mechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital data using one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.
GPU
A specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
IOPS
A performance measurement used to characterize secondary computer storage devices.
NIC
A computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
OEM
A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
PCB
Mechanically supports and electrically connects electrical or electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.
PCI
A local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer.
PCIe
A high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, designed to replace older bus standards
PSU
A device that supplies electric power to a computer system, converting electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency.
RAID
A data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
RAM
A form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code.
ROM
A type of non-volatile memory useful for storing firmware.
SATA
A computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.
SSD
A device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory.
VGA
A graphics standard for video display controllers first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987.
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