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Alcohols

Terms in this set (23)

What are alcohols?
an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
What is the general formula of alcohols?
The general formula for alcohols is
CnH2n+1OH /CnH2n+2O
What is the functional group of alcohols?
hydroxyl group (-OH)
How are alcohols named?
We add the ending -ol to the name of hydrocarbon.
What is the structural formula of the methanol?
What is the structural formula of propan-1-ol?
What is the name of the following alcohol? CH3CH2OH
ethanol
What is the name of the following alcohol? CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
butan-1-ol
How can we divide alcohols according to the number of OH groups?
According to a number of OH groups we can divide them:
• two hydroxyl groups - diols - 2,3-butandiol
• three hydroxyl groups - triols - 1,3,4-butantriol
How can we divide alcohols according to C where OH group is attached?
primary, secondary and terciary
What are primary alcohols?
•Primary alcohols - the -OH is attached to a carbon atom which is attached to only one other carbon atom.
What are secondary alcohols?
•Secondary alcohols - -OH is attached to a carbon which is attached to two other carbon atoms.
What are terciary alcohols?
•Tertiary alcohols - -OH is attached to a carbon which is attached to three other carbon atoms
Describe burning of ethanol with oxygen reactants, products, conditions, type of reaction
C2H5OH(l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l), combustion
What do you know about ethanol as a biofuel?
•Ethanol- biofuel made from biological sources ( sugar cane or corn).
•It is used in the mixture with petrol.
Countries use it for 2 reasons:
•They have little or no oil industry to produce their own petrol.
•They want to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, which are finite non-renewable resources.
Describe microbial oxidation of ethanol.
•Ethanol in wine is oxidised by air with the help of microorganisms (bacterias, yeast) to form ethanoic (acetic) acid, CH3COOH.
Describe oxidation of ethanol by K2Cr2O7: reactants, products, conditions, colour change.
•Strong oxidising agent is a mixture of potassium dichromate (VI) and dilute sulfuric acid.
CH3CH2OH + 2 (O) → CH3COOH + H2O
orange to green
What 2 ways of forming ethanol do you know?
* Production of ethanol by fermentation
* Production of ethanol by hydration of ethene
What resources are used in these proceses?
Fermentation: uses renewable resources
Hydration of ethene: uses finite, non-renewable resources
What type of proceses do they apply?
Fermentation: a batch process, it is inefficient
Hydration of ethene: It is more efficient.
Compare the rate of reaction.
Fermentation: slow
Hydration of ethene: fast
Compare the quality of product.
Fermentation: impure ethanol needs fractional distilation
Hydration of ethene: much purer ethanol
Compare reaction conditions.
Fermentation: gentle conditions
Hydration of ethene: high input of energy
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