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Radio Midterm MC Practice Test

Terms in this set (87)

1. Ionizing radiation, such as x-ray energy can cause which of the following?
A. Disrupt atomic structure
B. Cause cellular damage
C. Can disrupt cell division
D. A & B only
E. All of the above
E
2. The proper SI unit for static electricity would be which of the following?
A. Ampere
B. Coulomb
C. Joule
D. Watt
E. None of the above
B
3. The type of electrical current in which the electrons flow in only one direction would be? A. Direct current
B. Indirect current
C. Alternating current
D. Pulsar current
E. More than one above
A
4. The type of electrical current outsourcing from an electrical wall socket would be? A. Direct current
B. Indirect current
C. Alternating current
D. Pulsar current
E. More than one above
C
5. In order for x-ray beams to be safely emitted, the x-ray generator must? A. Convert AC power to DC power
B. Convert DC power to AC power
C. Convert pulsating current to non-pulsating current
D. Convert non-pulsating current to pulsating current
E. More than one above
E
6. The x-ray generator needs to "kick up" the total amount of energy extracted from the wall electrical socket. Which of the following is primarily responsible for this action? A. Cathode
B. Transformer
C. X-ray tube
D. Filament
E. Anode
B
7. Filament heating requires approximately how much energy? A. 10V
B. 20V
C. 50V
D. 100V
E. 250V
A
8. Which of the following conversions properly depicts the increase in power occurring in the x-ray generator (for the production of x-rays)? A. 115V 🡪 10V
B. 230V 🡪 100kVp
C. 230V 🡪 1,000,000V
D. 230V 🡪 1000kVp
E. 10V 🡪 230V
B
10. The _____________ produces smooth, high-voltage current out of low voltage AC current? A. X-ray tube
B. X-ray generator
C. X-ray filament
B
11. The process in which electrical current is smoothed to resemble DC current (so it can safely and efficiently pass through the x-ray tube) is known as? A. Transformation
B. Rectification
C. Scattering
D. Transitioning
E. None of the above
B
12. Current running through a coil wire is capable of creating a weak magnetic field and is commonly known as a solenoid. Which of the following would best describe what would be created if an iron core was placed in the center of the solenoid? A. Capacitor
B. Electromagnet
C. Transformer
D. Light emitting diode
E. More than one above
B
14. When we step up (increase) voltage (V) in an electrical transformer, the current (I) will? A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Not fluctuate
D. Increase then decrease
E. Decrease then increase
B
15. The answer to #14 above can be primarily explained by which of the following? A. Planck's constant
B. Pascal's equation
C. Ohm's law
D. Newton's 2nd law
E. Guiliana's constant
C
16. (Vp) (Ip) = (Vs) (Is) and Np/Ns = Vp/Vs define which of the following? A. Laws of transformers
B. Laws of circuits
C. Laws of capacitors
D. None of the above
A
17. The component of the x-ray machine that allows the operator to "tap into" more or less kV power would be which of the following? A. Switch panel
B. Autotransformer
C. Autocapacitor
D. mA modifier
E. None of the above
B
18. Full wave rectification x-ray machines usually have how many diodes in their generator? A. 2
B. 1
C. 8
D. 4
E. None
D
19. The variation in the voltage across the x-ray tube expressed as a percentage of its maximum value best describes which of the following? A. Smoothing expression
B. Ripple factor
C. Half wave current
D. Soft radiation
E. A & C only
B
20. These are basically sheets of foil that can store and release electrical charge on demand with an increase or decrease in power respectively? (an electrical buffer if you will...) A. Transformer
B. Electrical buffer
C. Alternating circuit
D. Capacitor
E. None of the above
D
21. A prime disadvantage of using full wave rectification would be which of the following? A. Pulsating x-ray tube
B. Anode receives rapidly varying amounts of energy
C. Intensity of beam varies over each half cycle
D. Increase patient dose of "soft" radiation
E. All of the above
E
22. The ripple factor for full wave, filtered x-ray rectification would be which of the following? A. 20%
B. 9%
C. 13.5%
D. 20%
E. 100%
B
23. Constant potential (DC current) would have a ripple factor of which of the following? A. 0%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 50%
E. 100%
A
24. The filament circuit is most directly associated with which of the following parts of the standard x-ray machine? A. Generator
B. Tube
C. Window
D. Shutter
E. None of the above
B
25. The x-ray filament operates under which of the following conditions? A. Low voltage, high current
B. High voltage, low current
C. High voltage, high current
D. Low voltage, low current
E. None of the above combinations
A
26. The process in which the filament on the anode side of the x-ray tube becomes "red hot" and boils off electrons is known as which of the following processes? A. Electron boiling
B. Thermionic emission
C. Polyenergetic phenomena
D. Boyd reaction
E. More than one above
B
27. Which of the following does the x-ray machine emit from the x-ray window? A. Electrons
B. Photons
C. Protons
D. Neutrons
E. Gamma rays
B
28. The focusing cup is part of which of the following? A. Cathode assembly
B. Anode assembly
C. Tungsten target
D. Copper anode block
E. None of the above
A
29. When the electrons boil off the cathode which of the following is formed? A. Space charge
B. Proton cloud
C. Neutron cloud
D. Electron cloud
E. More than one above
A
30. The faster the electron moves towards the anode target: A. Higher energy, short wavelength photon results
B. Lower energy, long wavelength photon results
C. Higher energy, long wavelength photon results
D. Lower energy, higher wavelength photon results
E. None of the above
A
31. The filament circuit can be measured in which of the following units? A. Ampere
B. Coulomb
C. Joule
D. Watt
E. None of the above
A
32. The primary responsibility of the focusing cup found on the cathode assembly? A. Prevent "overcharging" of the closely associated electrons located in the space charge
B. Create a narrowed beam of electrons projected towards the tungsten anode
C. Provide the proper kinetic energy for the rapid conversion to x-ray wavelength
D. Step up the voltage from 230V to approximately 100kVp
E. None of the above
B
33. The current through the filament circuit is approximately? A. 10V
B. 230V
C. 4A
D. 23A
E. None of the above
C
34. The product of current and voltage equals? A. Kinetic energy
B. Work
C. Power
D. Velocity
E. Space charge
C
35. The primary factor causing the filament to rise greater than 2200 degrees Celsius would be? A. High resistance
B. Low resistance
C. No change in resistance
D. Proton power
E. None of the above
A
36. The filament on the standard x-ray tube cathode assembly is usually made from which of the following elements due to its extremely high melting point? A. Aluminum
B. Tungsten
C. Lead
D. Cobalt
E. Magnesium
B
37. Which of the following is NOT an event that occurs due to the production of the negative cloud known as the "space charge" that forms around the filament? A. Retards further electron emission
B. Increases the number of electrons in the vacuum gap
C. Electrons become attracted to the anode
D. Electrons flow across the vacuum gap to the anode and complete the circuit
E. All of the above are correct
B
38. Tube current can be measured in which of the following units? A. Gray
B. Coulomb
C. Rad
D. Kilowatt
E. Milliamp
E
39. Which of the following is true regarding the tube current (TC) and the filament current (FC)? A. TC > FC
B. FC > TC
C. TC = FC
D. None of the above
B
40. The "saturation voltage" when discussing the effects of the space charge most closely resembles which of the following values on the standard x-ray machine? A. 20kVp
B. 40kVp
C. 100kVp
D. 220kVp
E. None of the above
B
41. Once the "saturation voltage" has been met, which of the following factors largely control the x-ray tube current? A. Space charge pull
B. Filament heating
C. Electronegative interactions
D. Anode charge
E. None of the above
B
42. The atomic number for a specific element can be represented by which of the following? A. Atomic # = A
B. Atomic # = H
C. Atomic # = Q
D. Atomic # = M
E. Atomic # = Z
E
43. Which of the following regarding the anode in the x-ray tube is correct? A. The anode is made of copper, and has an tungsten target
B. The anode is made of aluminum, and has an tungsten target
C. The anode is made of tungsten, and has an copper target
D. The anode is made of tungsten, and has an tungsten target
E. The anode is made of copper, and has an aluminum target
A
44. Which of the following regarding the focal spot on the anode is correct? A. The smaller the focal spot, the sharper the image
B. The larger the focal spot, the sharper the image
C. The smaller the focal spot, the blurrier the image
D. More than one above
E. The size of the focal spot has nothing to do with image resolution
A
45. The majority of "substance" produced by the standard x-ray machine consists of? A. X-ray radiation
B. Infrared radiation
C. Gamma radiation
D. Visible light
E. None of the above
B
46. Which of the following is true regarding the efficiency for x-ray production? A. The lower the atomic number of the anode target, the more efficient the production
B. The higher the atomic number of the anode target, the more efficient the production
C. The lower the atomic mass of the anode target, the more efficient the production
D. The higher the melting point of the anode target, the more efficient the production
E. More than one above
E
47. Both "stationary" and "rotating" best refer to which of the following parts of your standard x-ray machine? A. Anode
B. Cathode
C. Generator
D. Window
E. Shutter
A
48. In the question above, using the "rotating type" has which of the following prime advantages? A. Faster x-ray production
B. Better heat dissipation
C. Shorter x-ray wavelengths
D. Longer x-ray wavelengths
E. Lower x-ray frequencies
B
49. The shallower (steeper) the anode is angled with respect to the cathode? A. The sharper the resolution will be on the x-ray film
B. The blurrier the resolution will be on the x-ray film
C. Only changes resolution with digital x-ray machines
D. Has nothing to do with x-ray resolution
E. None of the above
A
50. The answer to #49 (The shallower (steeper) the anode is angled with respect to the cathode, The sharper the resolution will be on the x-ray film) rests primarily on which of the following radiologic teachings? A. Dual focus principal
B. Line focus principal
C. Focal spot principal
D. Effective focus principal
E. None of the above
B
51. The area/shape of the x-ray beam projected onto the patient and image receptor? A. Is known as the actual focal spot
B. Is known as the effective focal spot
C. Is known as the anode target angle
D. Is known as the fanning effect
E. Is known as none of the above
B
52. Due to the positioning and angulations of the anode target, which of the following is true? A. The x-ray beam intensity is stronger on the anode side, and weaker on the cathode side
B. The x-ray beam intensity is stronger on the cathode side, and weaker on the anode side
C. The x-ray resolution will be sharper on the anode side
D. The x-ray beam intensity is nearly equal on the anode and cathode side
E. More than one above
E
53. The principal that describes the x-ray beam as being non-uniform from anode to cathode side would be which of the following? A. Line focus principal
B. Anode heel effect
C. Thermionic emission
D. Photonic instability
E. Quantum theory
B
54. Filtration is usually measured by the thickness (mm's) of the aluminum filter. Which of the following would you expect if the thickness of an aluminum filter on a standard x-ray machine was increased from 2mm to 4mm? A. X-ray intensity would decrease
B. X-ray intensity would increase
C. X-ray penetrating punch would decrease
D. X-ray intensity would neither increase nor decrease
E. None of the above
B
55. Filters are primarily responsible for eliminating? A. Long wavelength radiation
B. Short wavelength radiation
C. High frequency radiation
D. Free radicals
E. None of the above
A
56. As the x-ray beam passes from the anode target through the evacuated glass of the x-ray tube the photonic energy drops from 106 to 105eV. Which of the following can explain this sudden drop of photonic energy? A. Added filtration
B. Inherent filtration
C. Quantized filtration
D. Distributing filtration
E. None of the above
B
57. Most podiatry unit x-ray machines operate in the 50-70kVp range. As mentioned in class, what would be the proper amount of aluminum filtration on one of these machines? A. 0.5mm Al
B. 1.5mm Al
C. 5.0mm Al
D. 2.5mm Al
E. None of the above
B
58. Inherent filtration can account for approximately how much aluminum equivalence? A. 1.0mm Al
B. 2.0mm Al
C. 3.0mm Al
D. 5.0mm Al
E. Aluminum does not filter x-ray radiation
A
59. As we discussed in class, which of the following types of added filters are best suited for producing x-ray images of the foot and ankle? A. Trough filter
B. Wedge filter
C. Compound filter
D. Rare earth filter
E. Bilateral wedge filter
B
60. An x-ray of the mediastinum would most likely require which of the following types of added filters to produce a resolute and safe image?
A. Trough filter
B. Wedge filter
C. Compound filter
D. Rare earth filter
E. Bilateral wedge filter
A
61. A wedge or trough filter would fall into which larger category of added filtration?
A. Compensating filtration
B. Attenuated filtration
C. Non-compensating filtration
D. Inherent filtration
E. Photoelectric filtration
A
62. Bremsstrahlung radiation accounts for what percentage of total radiation leaving the x-ray tube on your standard x-ray machine?
A. 99%
B. 0.9%
C. 90%
D. 0.1%
E. 1.0%
B
63. What percentage of all anode interactions produces useful x-ray radiation?
A. 99%
B. 0.9%
C. 90%
D. 0.1%
E. 1.0%
E
64. Choose the best answer for the following description: Electrons do not collide with tungsten atoms or their components. They are diverted from their original course due to opposing nuclear forces. When the electron diverts a photon is produced due to the net energy loss. A. Characteristic radiation
B. Infrared radiation
C. Bremsstrahlung radiation
D. Braking radiation
E. Both C & D
E
66. The total area under the Bremsstrahlung curve indicates which of the following?
A. Average intensity
B. Number of photons
C. Polyenergetic VS. Monoenergetic
D. Average x-ray frequency
E. Average x-ray wavelength
B
67. Discrete energy bands within the Bremsstrahlung curve indicate which of the following? A. Characteristic radiation
B. Infrared radiation
C. Bremsstrahlung radiation
D. Braking radiation
E. None of the above
A
68. Production of characteristic radiation requires the electrons bombarding the anode target to literally "knock out" inner orbital electrons. In order for this phenomenon to occur, which of the following must be true?

A. Incoming electron energy > atomic shell binding energy
B. Incoming electron energy < atomic shell binding energy
C. Incoming electron energy = atomic shell binding energy
D. A & B are both correct
E. None of the above
A
69. Which of the following correctly matches the orbital and binding shell energy for tungsten?

A. K shell - 70keV
B. L shell - 2keV
C. M shell - 11keV
D. None of the above
A
70. The work required to remove an electron from an atom is known as?

A. 4th shell option
B. Binding energy
C. Free energy
D. Energy band
E. None of the above
B
71. Atomic electrons are held together by electrostatic pull of positively charged nucleus?

A. True B. False
B
72. Which of the following orbital shell drop downs would produce characteristic radiation of the strongest intensity? (Assume the anode target was that of tungsten)

A. P shell 🡪 O shell dropdown
B. M shell 🡪 L shell dropdown
C. L shell 🡪 K shell dropdown
D. None of the above
C
73. Which of the following is true regarding heavy metal filters?

A. We don't need to know about heavy metal filters (only know that they are safer to use)
B. We don't need to know about heavy metal filters (only know that they are safer to use)
C. We don't need to know about heavy metal filters (only know that they are safer to use)
D. We don't need to know about heavy metal filters (only know that they are safer to use)
E. All of the above
E
74. The positively charged (ionized) tungsten anode returns to its normal energy state by emitting radiation in the x-ray wavelengths. The previous statement best describes which of the following types of radiation we talked about in class?

A. Characteristic radiation
B. Infrared radiation
C. Bremsstrahlung radiation
D. Braking radiation
E. None of the above
A
75. The amount of radiation needed to liberate a charge of 0.000258 Coulombs per kilogram of air correctly defines which of the following radiologic units?

A. Joule
B. Gray
C. Roentgen
D. Rad
E. Sievert
C
76. The product of the number of photons (quantity) and their average photonic energy (quality) correctly describes which of the following?

A. Velocity
B. Intensity
C. Dosage
D. Dose equivalent
E. none of the above
B
77. All of the following are factors that affect the quantity of x-ray beam photons, except?

A. Milliamperage x Time
B. Kilovoltage (kVp)
C. Distance
D. Density
E. All of the above
D
78. Which of the following would be the effect of doubling the milliamperage on a standard x-ray machine? (How would this change affect the x-rays emitted from the x-ray window?)

A. The average x-ray intensity would be doubled
B. The total number of photons would be doubled
C. The average x-ray intensity would be cut in half
D. The total number of photons would be cut in half
E. More than one above
B
79. Added filtration to the outside of the x-ray tube head would have which of the following effects in respect to x-ray beam quantity and quality?

A. Quantity increases, quality decreases
B. Quality increases, quantity decreases
C. Both quality and quantity increase
D. Both quality and quantity decrease
E. Quantity and quality remain nearly equivalent
B
80. A patient comes into your office post-operatively with a below-knee hard cast due to recent trauma. To determine the stage of healing, you decide to perform radiologic examination on the patient. You are concerned that the x-ray beam will not penetrate the hard cast and the film will be blurry and non-resolute. Taking the patients safety into consideration, which of the following would be the best way to obtain the images you need?

A. Increase milliamperage
B. Increase kVp
C. Increase filament circuit current
D. Lower the intensity of the x-ray beam
E. Remove the added filter to facilitate a stronger x-ray beam
B
81. Increasing the milliamperage directly increases the area under the Bremsstrahlung curve but does not change the energy distribution of the x-ray radiation?

A. True
B. False
A
82. Doubling the kVp will have which of the following effects on intensity of the x-ray beam?

A. Intensity doubles
B. Intensity increases fourfold
C. Intensity decreases by one-half
D. Intensity decreases fourfold
E. None of the above occurs
B
83. According to the 15% rule: to maintain constant film density, an increase in the kVp by 15% should be accompanied by which of the following?

A. 50% increase in the mAs
B. 50% decrease in the mAs
C. 15% increase in the mAs
D. 15% decrease in the mAs
E. None of the above
B
84. A 15% increase in the kilovoltage (kVp) would result in which of the following?

A. Left shift in the Bremsstrahlung curve
B. Right shift in the Bremsstrahlung curve
C. Upward shift in the Bremsstrahlung curve
D. Downward shift in the Bremsstrahlung curve
E. More than one above
E
85. Increasing the kilovoltage

A. Increase quality only
B. Increases quantity only
C. Increases both quality and quantity
D. Has no effect on the quality or quantity
E. None of the above
C
86. Which of the following can be used to correctly describe the role distance plays when examining the quantity of x-ray radiation in a given space?

A. Dose equivalent
B. Anode heel effect
C. Inverse-square law
D. Filtration constant
E. Line focus principal
C
87. Tripling the distance from an x-ray source decreases the intensity by a factor of?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 9
D. 16
E. 8
C
88. Which of the following factors affect the quality of x-ray beam photons?

A. Kilovoltage
B. Milliamperage
C. Filtration
D. Density
E. More than one above
E
89. The quality of the x-ray beam is specified as the thickness of an Aluminum absorber that reduces the beam intensity by 50%. This observation is known as?

A. 1/3 peak
B. Inverse square law
C. Half value layer
D. Average photonic energy
E. Ripple factor
C
90. Which of the following are considerations we need to take when it comes to x-ray beams interacting with different forms of matter?

A. Penetration
B. Absorption
C. Scattering
D. All of the above
D
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