Competency Areas 6 and 7

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What is the most important action for one who is serving as a health education and promotion resource person?
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Terms in this set (35)
What is the most important action for one who is serving as a health education and promotion resource person?
Obtaining and disseminating health-related information
What is the first step in obtaining health-related information?
Identifying the need and matching the need to a likely source of information
What are some examples of this need-information matching?
For info on population and health statistics: census
Governmental Sources (CDC, NIH, EPA, FDA, USDA)
Community organizations and local resources
Public health and professional organizations (SOPHE, APHA)
Health care financing resources (Medicare, Medicaid, ACA)
Voluntary organizations and foundations (American Cancer Society, AHA, Red Cross)
Networks of universities and research institutions
Internet consumer information sites (Medline, Healthfinder-DHHS, HON, WebMD)
○ Social networking resources (Facebook, Twitter, podcasts)
○ Journals and print materials (Medline, PubMed)
What do you do after you obtain information?
Judge the quality and quantity of information found
What are some ways to judge the quantity and quality of information?
Is the intention of the information is consistent with the institutional affiliation and author credentials?
Does the URL ends with .org, .gov, or .edu? (credibility)
Is the content of the information is appropriate for the audience (priority population)?
Is the content is backed up by empirical research or facts and verified by expert opinion?
Was the research conducted independently?
Is the data updated regularly to reflect constant changes in health information?
Is the reading level acceptable to audience?
If the information is deemed appropriate and credible, what comes next?
Organizing the material in a format most useful to the user
How do we organize the material in a format most useful to the user?
Adapt messages, materials, or programs to make them more suitable for priority population (e.g. changes to content, participants, cultural relevance, dosage [length or number of materials], logistics/procedures [time, location])
Do NOT change core elements that make a program effective
After materials are organized, what happens?
They are delivered directly to the consumer
Considerations for delivery?
Presentations, discussions, lectures, demonstrations, printed materials, posters.
Simplicity is best to increase the understanding of information.
Match the methods to content and audience needs
What is competency area 7?
Communicate, promote, and advocate for health, health education, promotion, and the profession
What are the three steps in communicating, promoting, and advocating?1) Identifying, developing, and delivering messages using a variety of communication strategies, methods, and techniques 2) Engaging in advocacy for health and health education 3) Influence policy and systems changeWhat are the steps in identifying, developing, and delivering messages using a variety of communication strategies, methods, and techniques?1) Creating messages using communication theories or models 2) Identify literacy level of audience 3) Tailor messages to intended audience 4) Assess and select methods and technologies used to deliver messages 5) Use process evaluation to keep track of message and material delivery (quantity distributed, number of events held, number of website visits 6) Evaluate the impact of the messagesWhat should the communication strategies look like?Should represent an ecological perspective and use multilevel strategies E.g. ELM, social marketing model, precede/proceedWhat are ways to identify and address the literacy/numeracy level of your audience?The extent to which individuals have the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions Is there: plain language? Short sentences? Are medical or technical terms defined? Is there video/picture supplementation? Are visual cues used to show numbers? Are analogies used to represent quantity?How do you tailor messages?Create communication individualized for the receiver to increase the relevance of the information presented (Segmenting the population)Pros and cons of interpersonal channels(e.g. hotline and patient counseling, informal discussion) Pros: credible; two-way; motivational, influential, supportive; effective for teaching; culturally sensitive Cons: expensive; time consuming; limited reach; difficult to link into these channelsPros and cons of organizational channels(e.g. organizational meetings and conferences, workplace campaigns, newsletters, educational programs) Pros: familiar, trusted, and influential; more motivation and support than media; shared experiences; reach larger audience in one place Cons: time consuming; not personalized; message approval may be required by organizationPros and cons of community channels(e.g.) town hall meetings, school or worship center campaigns, speeches, displays in public venues Pros: familiar, trusted, and influential; larger reach; collaborative; evaluate knowledge change in some cases Cons: time consuming; hard to establish lead agency; hard to evaluate behavior change; not one-on-onePros and cons of newspaper(e.g. advertisements, op-eds, letters to the editor, cartoons) Pros: quick; reach a large audience; opportunity to revisit or share message Cons: must be newsworthy; may require payment; limited to one day of exposure; hard to pitch storyPros and cons of radio(e.g. advertisements, radio, news) Pros: range of formats for audiences with known listening preferences; inexpensive Cons: smaller audience than TV; run during low listening times; hard to retain or pass on infoPros and cons of television(e.g. advertisements, talk shows, entertainment education) Pros: largest reach; video and audio; low income audiences; reach audience when most receptive; control of message and execution Cons: expensive; difficult to retain; overwhelming demandPros and cons of internet(e.g. websites, email list, social media) Pros: large reach; instantaneous; control and tailor info; interactive and visually appealing; banner ads Cons: expensive to design and maintain; may not have internet access; require monitoring and maintenance; training on how to use tools; time commitmentHow do you evaluate message impact? What might you measure?1) Define the data you want to collect (# of people exposed; how well do people recall the message; number of views/visits; changes in behavior, knowledge, beliefs, or attitudes) 2) Decide on collection methods 3) Collect and analyze the data 4) Disseminate the evaluation reportHow do you engage in advocacy for health and health education?1) Identify current and emerging issues requiring advocacy 2) Engage stakeholders in advocacy initiatives 3) Access resources (financial, personnel, information, data) related to identified needs 4) Develop advocacy plans in compliance with local, state, and/or federal policies and procedures 5) Use strategies that advance advocacy goals 6) Implement advocacy plans 7) Evaluate advocacy efforts 8) Comply with organizational policies 9) Lead advocacy initiativesWhat are some ways to engage stakeholders in advocacy initiatives?Conduct focus groups, key informant interviews, case studies, surveys Ask: (1) What resources are available? (2) Who are the allies and adversaries? (3) Who else shares the problem? (4) Would you be willing to help with advocacy efforts?What sort of strategies can you use to advance advocacy goals?Voting behavior, electioneering, direct lobbying (contacting policy makers), grassroots lobbying (town hall meetings, petition), media advocacy, social mediaHow do you lead advocacy initiatives?Demonstrate leadership in prioritizing key issues Identifying appropriate social networks Mobilizing organizations Engaging in fundraising Strategic planning EvaluationWhat are the four forms of policies?1) Laws enacted at any level of government 2) Rules and regulations from agencies responsible for implementing laws 3) Operational decisions that may be authoritative procedures or protocols 4) Judicial decisionsTrue or false: systems change is more effective public health actions than one-on-one clinical interventionsTrueSystems change factorsParadigm: Shift or reinforcement of the mindset or beliefs about how a system works Goals: Focus or change the aims of the system System structure: Modifying linkages within the system or incorporate new elements Feedback and delays: Create or change feedback loop, add feedback loop, or change delays in how information about the results of different actions are provided System elements: Changes to actors and physical elements of the system connection through activities and information flowHow do you assess the impact of existing and proposed policies and systems change on health?Formulation (program identification, agenda setting, selecting solution) Implementation (setting up protocols, enforcement, policy implementation - how it was translated into practice) Maintenance and modification EvaluationWhat goes into formulation?Problem identification: Describe the content and case of the issues Policy analysis: Describe how the policy options were analyzed in terms of support, health impacts, and budget impacts Policy development: Assess the development processWhat types of change are evaluated during evaluation?Behaviors (e.g. how many kids were vaccinated with mandatory pre-school vaccines) Physical environment (e.g. enactment of the Clean Air Act) Social factors (e.g. adults covered by the ACA) Health services availability and access (e.g. number of diabetes prevention programs in an area) Quantitative or qualitativeWhat does RE-AIM stand for?Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation MaintenanceHow do you engage in legislative advocacy?Understand issue being discussed Prepare talking points that state the problem, proof, and solution Contact elected officials by phone, email, letter, or in person Conduct research on the legislator Encourage others to reach out