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Leishmaniasis

Terms in this set (18)

On what continents is Leishmaniasis found?
every continent except Antarctica and Australia
Rural vs. urban
more common in rural areas, but can be found in the outskirts of some cities
Old World
Asia, Middle East, Africa, southern Europe
New World
Mexico, Central America, South America (not Chile or Uraguay)
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis has been found in Texas and Oklahoma
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis prevalence
.7 to 1.2 million cases/year
Visceral Leishmaniasis prevalence
.2 to .4 million cases/year
anthroponotic transmission
infected humans are needed to continue cycle (human-sandfly- human)
How many species cause infection
over 20
vector
sand fly
Infective Stage
infected sandfly sand fly injects promastigote stage into skin
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis symptoms
-causes skin sores (develop w/in weeks or months)
-sores can turn into ulcers
-change in size/appearance over time
Visceral Leishmaniasis symptoms
-affects internal organs (spleen, liver, bone marrow)
-can be life threatening
-develops w/in months or years
-fever, weight loss, enlargement of spleen and liver, anemia(low RBC count), leukopenia(low WBC count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
Mucosal leishmaniasis symptoms
-less common
-can be consequence of cutaneous leishmaniasis
-can spread from sores to mucous membranes (mouth, nose, throat)
Diagnosis
-tissue specimen(cutaneous) or bone marrow(visceral) can be examined under microscope, special cultures, etc.
-blood tests that detect antibody (immune response) are helpful in visceral leishmaniasis
Cutaneous treatment
-sores can heal on their own w/o treatment
-can take months or years and leave scars
-healthcare providers can provide multiple treatment options
-amphotericin B deoxycholate
-Lipid formulations of amphotericin B typically are better
- oral agent miltefosine
-local therapy
Visceral
-healthcare providers can provide multiple treatment options
-highly effective systemic therapy
-Liposomal amphotericin B is FDA-approved
- oral agent miltefosine
Prevention when outdoors
-no vaccine available, avoid sand flies
-minimize uncovered skin
-apply insect repellent containing DEET (N,N-diethylmetatoluamide)
Indoor prevention
-well screened or air conditioned areas
-spray living/sleeping areas w/ insecticide
-bed net soaked in insecticide
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