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[Psych] Drug Intoxication and Withdrawal

Terms in this set (66)

Which drugs fall under the category "depressants?"
alcohol
opioids (morphine, heroin, methadone)
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
What are the general symptoms of intoxication with depressants?
nonspecific:
mood elevation
decreased anxiety
sedation
behavioral disinhibition
respiratory depression
What are the general symptoms of withdrawal with depressants?
nonspecific:
anxiety
tremor
seizures
insomnia
What are the general symptoms of mild alcohol withdrawal?
anxiety
tremor
seizures
insomnia
What are the general symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal?
autonomic hyperactivity
delirium tremens (DTs)
How are delirium tremens treated?
benzodiazepines
What are the general symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
sweating
dilated pupils
piloerection
fever
rhinorrhea
yawning
nausea
stomach cramps
diarrhea
How is opioid withdrawal treated?
long-term support
methadone
buprenorphine
What are the general symptoms of barbiturate withdrawal?
delirium
life-threatening cardiovascular collapse
What are the general symptoms of benzodiazepines withdrawal?
sleep disturbance
depression
rebound anxiety
seizure (severe)
What are the symptoms of alcohol intoxication?
emotional lability
slurred speech
ataxia
coma
blackouts
What abnormal lab values are seen in alcohol intoxication?
AST value twice ALT value
What is a sensitive indicator of alcohol use?
serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
What are the symptoms of opioid intoxication?
euphoria
respiratory and CNS depression
decreased gag reflex
pupillary constriction (pinpoint pupils)
seizures (overdose)
What is the treatment for opioid intoxication?
naloxone
naltrexone
What are the symptoms of barbiturate intoxication?
low safety margin
marked respiratory depression
What is the treatment for barbiturate intoxication?
symptom management:
assist respiration
increase BP
What are the symptoms of benzodiazepine intoxication?
greater safety margin
ataxia
minor respiratory depression
What is the treatment for benzodiazepine intoxication?
competitive benzodiazepine antagonist
Which drugs are classified as stimulants?
amphetamines
cocaine
caffeine
nicotine
What are the general symptoms seen in stimulant intoxication?
mood elevation
psychomotor agitation
insomnia
cardiac arrhythmias
tachycardia
anxiety
What are the general symptoms seen in stimulant withdrawal?
post-use "crash"
depression
lethargy
weight gain
headache
What symptoms are seen in amphetamine intoxication?
euphoria
grandiosity
pupillary dilation
prolonged wakefulness and attention
hypertension
tachycardia
anorexia
paranoia
fever
What are the severe symptoms seen in amphetamine intoxication?
cardiac arrest
seizure
What symptoms are seen in amphetamine withdrawal?
anhedonia
increased appetite
hypersomnolence
existential crisis
What symptoms are seen in cocaine intoxication?
impaired judgement
pupillary dilation
hallucinations (including tactile)
paranoid ideations
angina
sudden cardiac death
How is cocaine intoxication treated?
benzodiazepines
What symptoms are seen in cocaine withdrawal?
hypersomnolence
malaise
severe psychological craving
depression/suicidality
What symptoms are seen in caffeine intoxication?
restlessness
increased diuresis
muscle twitching
What symptoms are present in caffeine withdrawal?
lack of concentration
headache
What symptoms are present in nicotine intoxication?
restlessness
What symptoms are present in nicotine withdrawal?
irritability
anxiety
craving
What is the treatment for nicotine withdrawal?
nicotine patch, gum or lozenges
bupropion/varenicline
Which drugs are classified as hallucinogens?
PCP
LSD
Marijuana
What are the symptoms of PCP intoxication?
belligerence
impulsiveness
fever
psychomotor agitation
analgesia
vertical and horizontal nystagmus
tachycardia
homicidality
psychosis
delirium
seizures
What is the treatment for PCP intoxication?
benzodiazepines
rapid-acting antipsychotic
What are the symptoms of PCP withdrawal?
depression
anxiety
irritability
restlessness
anergia
disturbances of thought and sleep
What are the symptoms of LSD intoxication?
perceptual distortion (visual, auditory)
depersonalization
anxiety
paranoia
psychosis
possible flashbacks
What are the symptoms of marijuana intoxication?
euphoria
anxiety
paranoid delusions
perception of slowed time
impaired judgement
social withdrawal
increased appetite
dry mouth
conjunctival injection
hallucinations
What is the prescription form of marijuana?
dronabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol isomer)
In what disease is marijuana prescribed?
antiemetic in chemotherapy
appetite stimulant in AIDS
What are the symptoms of marijuana withdrawal?
irritability
depression
insomnia
nausea
anorexia
When do symptoms of marijuana withdrawal peak?
48 hours
How long do symptoms of marijuana withdrawal last?
5-7 days
How long is marijuana detectable in urine?
4-10 days
For what conditions are heroin addicts at increased risk?
hepatitis
abscesses
overdose
hemorrhoids
AIDS
right-sided endocarditis
What is methadone?
long-acting oral opiate
For what is methadone used?
heroin detoxification or long-term mainenance
What is the advantage of naloxone + buprenorphine use in heroin addiction?
long acting with fewer withdrawal symptoms than methadone
partial agonist
How must naloxone must be taken to be active?
injection
What is alcoholism?
physiologic tolerance and dependence with symptoms of withdrawal when intake is interrupted
What are the possible complications of alcoholism?
alcoholic cirrhosis
hepatitis
pancreatitis
peripheral neuropathy
testicular atrophy
What is the treatment for alcoholism?
disulfiram
supportive care
AA or other peer support groups for sustained abstinence
What is the purpose of disulfiram in alcoholics?
to condition patient to abstain from alcohol use
What is the cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
thiamine deficiency
What are the symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
confusion
ophthalmoplegia
ataxia (Wernicke's encephalopathy
To what might Wernicke-Korsakoff progress?
irreversible memory loss
confabulation
personality change (Korsakoff's psychosis
With what is Wernicke-Korsadoff syndrome associated?
periventricular hemorrhage/necrosis of mammillary bodies
What is the treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
IV thiamine (vitamin B1)
What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
longitudinal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction caused by excessive vomiting
How does Mallory-Weiss syndrome often present?
with hematemesis
With what is Mallory-Weiss often associated?
pain (vs. esophageal varices)
What are delirium tremens (DTs)?
life-threatening alcohol withdrawal syndrome
When do delirium tremens present?
2-5 days after last drink
What are the symptoms of delirium tremens?
in order of appearance:
autonomic system hyperactivity (tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, seizures)
psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions)
confusion
What is the treatment for delirium tremens?
benzodiazepines
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