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RTH 102 Test 3 Chemistry (A General - powerpoint)

Terms in this set (53)

matter
any substance that has mass and occupies space
atom
The smallest portion of an element that retains all the properties of the element
atom components
proton, neutron, and electron
element
a pure chemical substance consisting of (one type) of atom distinguished by its atomic #
compound
a substance formed by the reaction 2 or more chemical elements
protons
a particle with a positive charge located inside the nucleus of an atom; weighs (1)
neutron
a particle with no mass but has a net charge found inside the nucleus of an atom; weighs (1)
electron
a particle with a negative charge located outside the nucleus
atomic number
The number of protons contained inside the nucleus of an atom determining the actual element (atomic weight)
the # of electrons
The # of protons equal......
mass number
the sum of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom often used interchangeably with term (atomic weight)
isotopes
any group of atoms who's nucleus have the same # of protons (atomic #) but a different # of neutrons (mass #)
one isotope
all elements have at least...
3
how many isotopes does oxygen have?
chemical properties; physical properties
Isotopes have the same _____ but different _____.
properties
outermost shell determines ____?
full outer shells
noble gases(helium, neon, argon) have_____?
8 electrons
All atoms try and get _______ in the outer shells.
valence electrons
Electrons the outer shell are called _____?
ionic bonding
gifting of electrons
covalent bonding
sharing of electrons
bonding
makes a atom more or less stable
positively charged
cations are ____?
atoms that want 8 electrons in the outer most shells
what is the rule of eight?
giving away of electrons
what is ionic bonding?
high boiling point, high melting point, dissolve readily in polar solvents, strong electrolytes, conduct electricity
List the 5 characteristics of ionic bonding?
occurs when two atoms share valence electrons
What is covalent bonding ?
covalent because it shares
What kind of bond is elected for oxygen?
shared
Covalent bonding is where the carbon atom has four balance electrons that are ____?
atoms of the same element
Covalent bonding exists only between?
low melting and low boiling point
2 characteristics of covalent bonding
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, hormones, and enzymes
give examples of organic molecules
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, electrolytes, acid, base, and buffers
give examples of inorganic molecules
compounds that have covalent carbon bonds in them
what are organic molecules?
4 valence electrons
in organic molecules, carbon molecules have....?
provide energy, provide structure of cell membrane, provide essential nutrients (vitamins), and not soluble in water
what are the functions of the organic molecule LIPIDS?
basic building blocks (amino acid) shape of the molecule determines its function
what are the functions of the organic molecule PROTEINS?
DNA & RNA, chains of nucleotides, DNA contains genetic information, RNA is used to translate genetic information stored in DNA into protein structures
what are the functions of the organic molecule NUCLEIC ACIDS?
Vitamins - nutrients, diet (water or fat soluble)
Hormones - transfer information between cells
Enzymes - proteins secreted that speed up chemical changes
what are the functions of the organic molecules, VITAMINS, HORMONES, and ENZYMES
C-C or C-H covalent bonds
Inorganic molecules do not have any....
H2O
what is the most abundant molecule?
larger and more complex
inorganic molecules are.....
double covalent bond
Diatomic molecule O2 has a .....
can contain carbon,(acids, bases, and salts), substances that break down in solution to form ions, ions are charged particles, electrolytes can carry an electrical current
what are the characteristic of the inorganic molecule ELECTROLYTES?
water 45%-60%, water is found in intracellular and extracellular space, intravascular compartment has a much higher protein than the interstitial compartment generating an osmotic pressure that helps keep fluid in the vascular space and out of the interstitial space.
what are the characteristics of the inorganic molecules FULID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE?
water is the combination of two covalent bonds between a single oxygen arranged not in a straight line, polar nature makes it excellent t solvent, electrical current is passed through water if forms hydrogen and oxygen gas, reacts with metal oxide to produce a base, reacts with nonmetals to produce an acid, reacts with metals
what are the characteristics of the inorganic molecule WATER?
good solvent
the inorganic molecule WATER has a slight polar charge which causes the molecule to be a ...
get the molecule to the tissues
The main point of the inorganic molecule OXYGEN is to....
substances that break down or dissociate
electrolytes are ....
acids, bases, and salts
inorganic chemistry electrolytes consist of
Acid
Donates (H+)
base
accepts (H+)
Na, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate
what are the 7 important (inorganic molecules) Ions
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