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cells

Terms in this set (24)

diffusion
- movement of molecules from area of HIGH concentration to area of LOW concentration. (concentration gradient)
- passive transport
- rate affected by: size of particles, temp, + steepness of gradient
isotonic solution
concentration inside and outside of cell are equal
hypertonic solution
concentration outside of cell is greater, causes cell to shrivel
hypotonic solution
concentration inside of cell is greater, causes cell to swell
osmosis
- diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
- movement from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
- passive transport
cell cycle
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Interphase
G1: cell growth
S: DNA synthesis
G2: further cell growth
mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase
chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell & sister spindles become visible
anaphase
the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
telophase
cleavage furrow forms
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
plasma membrane
selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
- integral proteins: span width
- peripheral proteins: located on one face only
cytoplasm
made of cytosol and cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape + involved in many forms of cell movement
ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
peroxisomes
Break down fatty acids and produce certain phospholipids (peroxide)
mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth: lipid synthesis + detoxification reactions
- rough: covered in ribosomes + modifies proteins made from ribosomes
golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
filled w digestive enzymes that catalyze reactions
centrioles
microtubule organizing centers + disassembly of microtubules
nucleus
control center of the cell + contains DNA/chromatin
- nuclear envelope: double membrane covering nucleus
- nucleolus: contains ribosomal RNA
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