Unit 10 - Endocrine System

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Endocrine gland
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Terms in this set (24)
Endocrine gland
a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
first messenger
The hormone that transmits a signal around the body
General Adaptation Syndrome
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Hormones
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
lipid soluble
ability to dissolve in lipids or fat tissue
second messenger
A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signal received by a signal receptor protein.
Stress
the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands
Stressor
a psychological, physiological, or social force that puts real or perceived demands on the body
target cells
tissues with receptors for a specific hormone
water soluble
able to dissolve in water
adrenal glandsa pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.down regulationtarget cells lose receptors in response to the hormoneG proteina protein that binds the energy-rich molecule GTPHypothalamusA neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.OvariesGlands that produce the egg cells and hormonesPancreasRegulates the level of sugar in the bloodparathyroid glandssmall pea-like organs that regulate calcium and phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissuespineal glandproduces melatoninpituitary glandThe endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.Receptorprotein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in responseTestesproduce spermthymus glandlocated in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosinthyroid glandproduces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growthup-regulationtarget cells form more receptors in response to the hormone