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Measurement, Measures & Instrument

Terms in this set (31)

What is McDermott & Sarvela,1999 definition of measurement?
"... a set of rules used to assign numbers to different objects, events, issues, or people"
What is the Kelinger,1993 definition of measurement?
"....the process of assignikng numbers to different objects, events, issues, or people according to a particular set of rules."
What are the fundemental measuremet questions?
1. What to measure...
2. How should it be measured...
3. How should the measure be collected
4. When should the measure be collected
What are the categories of measures?
-Qualitative
- Quantitative
Which type of measure has...
*Data is varied
*Open-ended or semi-structured questions
*Methods:interviews, focus groups, observation, etc.
Qualitative
Which type of measure has...
*Fixed choice responses; standardized
*Questions that provide numerical results
*Frequencies, counts
Quantitative
Which type of measure include...
*Use inductive reasoning
*Produces narrative data
*Subject
*Why?
*Interprets
*Time intensive to collect
Qualitative
Which type of measure include...
*Use deductive reasoning
*Produces numerical data
*Collected using structured designs
*objective
*What?How often? How many?
*Describes
*Requires less time than qualitative
Quantitative
What are the 8 different types of measures?
1. Demographic
2. Awareness
3. Cognitive
4. Psychosocial
5. Behavior
6. Environmental
7. Health (Biological, clinical)
8. "Quality of Life"
What are the 4 levels of Measurement?
1.Nominal- name
2. Ordinal- rank
3. Interval- distance between measurements has meaning
4. Ratio- absolute zero
What are the 4 psychometric characteristic?
1. Reliability
2. Validity
3. Fairness
4. Bias
Which psychometric characteristic includes...
* Consistency of scores between measurements
* Whatever it is measuring, it is measuring it consistently
Reliability
How do you estimate reliability?
*Test/Rest
*Equivalent Form/Parrellel Forms
*Internal Consistency
*Scoring Agreement/Rater Reliability
Test/Rest
*Consistency among different administrations
*You should get 2 similar results on survey 1 as you do on survey 2
Equivalent Form/Parrellel Forms
Consistency between 2 versions of an instrument
Internal consistency
consistency within the instrument (consistency among the questions)
Scoring Agreement/Rater Reliability
*Used w/ observations of behavior
*Two or more observers rate the same subjects and then correlate their observations
Validity includes
*Measuring what you say you are measuring
*Measure of basic addition and/or advanced addition?
1+1=____
*Valid for a specific purpose w/ a specific group of people
Fairness is described as
"appropriateness" of measure for individuals of various ethnic groups with different backgrounds, gender, educational level, etc.
Bias is described as
the extent which the data have been distorted because of the way they have been collected
What are the types of bias
*Selection - Ex. Diagnostic, non-response, healthy worker effect
*Information- Ex. Recall; Interviewer
Does reliability imply validity?
Reliability does NOT validity

To be valid, something MUST also be reliable
Necessary & Sufficient Conditions

Reliability is _______ but _____ condition to produce validity
Necessary , Insufficient
In addition to reliability, there are other ______ conditions for validity
necessary
What are the measurement instruments?
1. Questionnaires
2. Scales
3. Tests
Quality Measures include
*Measure what we intend to measure
*Have confidence in results
What are common measures?
Knowledge
Attitudes
Behaviors
Biomedical/Physiological
Specificity is defined as
"the ability of a screening or diagnostic test to identify correctly those who DO NOT have a disease or condition
Specificity is recorded as
the proportion of true negative cases correctly identified as negative on a test
Sensitivity is defined as
the ability of a screening or diagnostic test to identify correctly those with disease or condition
Sensitivity is recorded as
the proportion of true positive cases correctly identified as positive on a test.
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