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Chapter 6 PCC 274

Terms in this set (53)

d. Fauld
Sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by:
a. Henry
b. Bertillon
c. Vucetich
d. Fauld
a. Henry
The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by:
a. Henry
b. Vucetich
c. Herschel
d. Fauld
a. Had a virtual double with a similar name
Will West was the man who:
a. Had a virtual "double" with a similar name.
b. Devised the fingerprint classification system used in Spanish-speaking countries.
c. Mutilated his fingerprints with acid.
d. Invented Superglue.
d. None to date
Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?
a. Identical twins
b. Siamese twins
c. Fraternal twins
d. None to date
c. 150
It is estimated that there are as many as _____ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint.
a. 50
b. 100
c. 150
d. 200
c. Bifurcation and ridge ending
The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS) are the:
a. Ridge ending and island.
b. Ridge crossing and short ridge.
c. Bifurcation and ridge ending.
d. Bifurcation and trifurcation.
d. No minimum exists
What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?
a. 10
b. 12
c. 16
d. No minimum exists.
a. During fetal development
Fingerprints are formed:
a. During fetal development.
b. By the time a child is two years old.
c. During first six months after birth.
d. At birth.
d. both b and c
The friction skin ridges:
a. Have no useful purpose other than identification.
b. Provide a firmer grip.
c. Resist slippage.
d. Both b and c
a. Skin ridges
The pores of the sweat glands are located in the:
a. Skin ridges.
b. Friction grooves.
c. Dermis.
d. Dermal papillae.
a. Latent
Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:
a. Latent.
b. Open.
c. Plastic.
d. Rolled.
d. Dermal papillae
To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:
a. Minutiae
b. Ridges
c. Epidermis
d. Dermal papillae
d. John Dillinger
Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid?
a. James Gotti
b. Carlo Gambino
c. William West
d. John Dillinger
a. Loop
The most common ridge pattern is the:
a. Loop.
b. Whorl.
c. Accidental.
d. Arch.
b. Less than
The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is _____ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern.
a. Greater than
b. Less than
c. The same as
d. Whorl
In the Primary Classification System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a:
a. Loop.
b. Ulnar loop.
c. Arch.
d. Whorl.
c. 25%
What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 Primary Classification category?
a. 30%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. 10%
d. 2
In the Primary Classification scheme, the left index finger has a potential value of:
a. 16.
b. 8.
c. 4.
d. 2.
c. Less than
The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint.
a. Greater than
b. The same as
c. Less than
a. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records
AFIS is a(n):
a. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records
b. Method used to determine age of a latent print
c. Computer system programmed to analyze hair
d. Assay technique used to identify drugs
d. 1999
The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in:
a. 1977.
b. 1989.
c. 1991.
d. 1999.
b. Search algorithm, correlation
The AFIS _____ determines the degree of _____ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database.
a. Relative position, orientation
b. Search algorithm, correlation
c. Identification system, minutiae
d. Software configurations, difference
d. All of the above
Livescan images of fingerprints:
a. Have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards.
b. Are sent to the AFIS database electronically.
c. Are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen.
d. All of the above
a. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers
A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are:
a. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers.
b. Deltas on fingers #9 and #3.
c. Whorls on the left and right middle fingers.
d. Loops on the right thumb and left ring finger.
c. Plastic
Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as:
a. Latent.
b. Hidden.
c. Plastic.
d. Dusted.
a. RUVIS
Investigators can use ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments.
a. RUVIS
b. AFIS
c. GRIM 3
d. GC/MS
a. Tile
Which is NOT considered a porous surface?
a. Tile
b. Cloth
c. Paper
d. Cardboard
a. Iodine fuming
Sublimation occurs with the use of:
a. Iodine fuming.
b. Cyanoacrylate.
c. Laser-print detection.
d. Silver nitrate.
c. Protein material
Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect:
a. Fatty acids.
b. Riboflavin.
c. Protein material.
d. Salt.
b. Silver nitrate
Physical developer contains:
a. Iodine.
b. Silver nitrate.
c. Ninhydrin.
d. Acrylate.
b. 2, 1, 3
In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed?
1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer
a. 1, 3, 2
b. 2, 1, 3
c. 3, 1, 2
d. 1, 2, 3
a. Cardboard
Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on:
a. Cardboard.
b. Metal.
c. Leather.
d. Plastic bags.
c. Superglue fuming
Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print?
a. Ninhydrin
b. Iodine fuming
c. Superglue fuming
d. Physical developer
a. DFO
Which substance is a substitute for Ninhydrin?
a. DFO
b. RAY
c. MRM 10
d. RAM
a. High-intensity light sources
Currently, which of the following, in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent prints?
a. High-intensity light sources
b. IR light
c. UV light
d. Laser illumination
b. Magna brush
Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a:
a. Fiberglass brush.
b. Magna brush.
c. Camel's hair brush.
d. All of the above
d. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print
After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next:
a. Classify the print.
b. Lift the print with adhesive tape.
c. Compare it to the suspect's prints.
d. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print.
d. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints
Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging?
a. Once the image is produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged.
b. It produces an image composed of pixels.
c. It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file.
d. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.
b. Plastic
Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax?
a. Visible
b. Plastic
c. Latent
d. Hidden
d. Alphonse Bertillon
The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by:
a. Francis Galton
b. Richard Henry
c. William Herschel
d. Alphonse Bertillon
a. Arch
The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the:
a. Arch.
b. Radial loop.
c. Ulnar loop.
d. Whorl.
a. Arch
A fingerprint pattern having no delta is a(n):
a. Arch.
b. Loop.
c. Plain whorl.
d. Central pocket loop.
b. ninhydrin
Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with:
a. Iodine.
b. Ninhydrin.
c. Physical developer.
d. Dusting powder.
c. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics
Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint?
a. It must show at least a little of all ten fingers.
b. Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern.
c. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.
d. At least 75% of the pattern must be present for identification.
d. Core
Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?
a. Enclosure
b. Bifurcation
c. Island
d. Core
c. Fuming with cyanoacrylate
A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:
a. Physical developer.
b. Ninhydrin.
c. Fuming with cyanoacrylate.
d. DFO.
b. Iodine, ninhydrin, physical developer
Chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints must be used in the following sequence:
a. Iodine, physical developer, ninhydrin.
b. Iodine, ninhydrin, physical developer.
c. Ninhydrin, iodine, physical developer.
d. Ninhydrin, physical developer, iodine.
c. Applying the dye rhodamine 6G after fuming with cyanoacrylate
A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:
a. Physical developer.
b. Ninhydrin.
c. Applying the dye rhodamine 6G after fuming with cyanoacrylate.
d. DFO.
a. Minutiae
A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's _____ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.
a. Minutiae
b. Pattern
c. Protein composition
d. Classification
d. Plain Whorl
If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a(n):
a. Central pocket whorl
b. Central pocket loop
c. Accidental
d. Plain whorl
c. Bifurcations; ridge endings
Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of _____ and _____.
a. Loops; arches
b. Minutiae; ridge characteristics
c. Bifurcations; ridge endings
d. Ridges; furrows
d. Pixels
The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called:
a. Bytes
b. Cubic millimeters
c. Screen elements
d. Pixels
a. Analysis
Which step of the ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction ridges?
a. Analysis
b. Comparison
c. Evaluation
d. Verification
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