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Anatomy Unit 2: Basic Osteology and Bones of the Superior Limb

Terms in this set (113)

Bone tissue
one of the specialized connective tissues. It consists of bone cells and an extracellular matrix composed of fibers, ground substance, and mineral
Osteoblast
(builders) are relatively active and secrete the collagenous fibers and the amorphic glucoproteinaceous ground substance. Cannot be seen on any model
Osteocyte
relatively sedentary cells (inactive osteoblasts) that are entrapped in the extracellular matrix (within osseous lacunae)
Osteoclast
(drillers) large, multinucleated cells that are active in bone reapsorbtion. Cannot be seen on any model
Osseous lacunae
the cavities between lamellae (layers) that the osteoblasts form when they extrude ground substance. Osteocytes are found in these.
Osseous canaliculi
microscopic channels through the lamellae (layers) that contain cytoplasmic processes of the osteocytes and allow those located close to the vessels to exchange nutrients and wastes with those located further from the vessels. (Blue on image)
Osteonal lamellae
the lamellae that surround vascular channels within the cortex of the bone
central canal of an osteon
a neurovascular channel surrounded by concentric lamellae (red on image)
osteon
a unit formed by a set of osteonal lamellae surrounding a central canal
external circumferential lamellae
lamellae that surround and line whole bone
internal circumferential lamellae
lamellae that surround and line the medullary cavity. As a bone develops, these are absent and only appear as the bone finishes its diametric growth
interstitial lamellae
remnants of old concentric lamellae and older (deep) external circumferential lamellae and older (superficial) internal circumferential lamellae that are left after osteoclasts have "drilled" tunnels to allow the formation of new osteons
compact bone tissue
this form of bone tissue is relatively solid and forms the majority of the substance of most bones
spongy bone tissue
this form of bone tissue consists of slender spicules and reinforcing struts that lend strength without excessive bulk
periosteum
a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that envelopes the whole bone except where muscles, ligaments, retinacula, and joint capsules attach, and at articular spaces which are covered by articular cartilage
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