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Endocrine Hormones / Respiratory Volumes

Terms in this set (62)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Function: FSH and LH secretion
Target Organ: Anterior Pituitary
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Function: Secretes TSH
Target Organ: Anterior Pituitary
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Function: ACTH secretion
Target Organ: Anterior Pituitary
Dopamine
Function: Secretes Prolactin (PRL)
Target Organ: Anterior Pituitary
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Function: MSH secretion - obscure role - secretes melanocytes to darken skin
Target Organ: Anterior Pituitary
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Somatostatin (SST)
Function: GH secretion
Target Organ: Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
Function: stimulate sperm and ova development and secrete sex hormones
Target Organ: Gonads (testes and ovary)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Function: stimulates growth, protein synthesis and lipid degeneration
thyroid stumulating hormone (TSH)
Function: stimulates the secretion of T3 and T4 in the thyroid
Target Organ: thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Function: stimulate the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands
Target Organ: adrenal gland
Prolactin (PRL)
Function: milk synthesis in female mammary glands
Target Organ: Breast
Oxytocin
Function: stimulates uterine contractions during labor - stimulates milk production - plays a role in fertility
Target Organ: Uterus
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Function: increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, and elevates blood pressure by increasing blood volume
Target Organ: Renal tubule
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Function: growth and differentiation
Calcitonin (CT)
Function: lowers blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Function: increases blood calcium levels
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Function: increases renal resorption of sodium, bicarbonate, and water - elevates blood pH
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Function: increases stress tolerance and blood glucose - decreases inflammation
Gonadocorticoids (estrogens and androgens)
Function: providing each sex with benefits of the hormones from the opposite sex
Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Function: make the effects of the sympathetic nervous system global and long lasting for survival reassurance
Glucagon
Function: increases blood glucose levels
Insulin
Function: lowers blood glucose levels
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Function: inhibits secretions of insulin and glucagon
Estradiol
Function: female sexual development and behavior
Progesterone
Function: uterine and mammary growth - maternal behavior
Testosterone
Function: male sexual development and behavior
Inhibin
Function: Pituitary FSH secretion
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Function: corpus luteum progesterone synthesis
Relaxin
Function: relaxation of pubic symphysis and dialation of uterine cervix
Gastrin
Function: HCL (hydrochloric acid) secretion in the stomach
Ghrelin
Function: Stimulates hunger
CCK
Function: enzyme secretion and gallbladder contractions
Secretin
Function: pancreatic secretions
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)
Function: intestinal secretion of electrolytes - smooth muscle relaxation
Leptin
Function: surpasses hunger
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Function: renal salt and water diuresis
Thymosin
Function: proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes
What hormones does the Hypothalamus secrete?
GnRH, TRH, CRH, GHRH, Dopamine, MSH
What hormones do the Anterior Pituitary secrete?
LH, FSH, GH, TSH, MSH, ACTH, PRL,
What hormones do the Posterior Pituitary secrete?
Oxytocin, ADH
What hormones do the Thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin
What hormones do they Parathyroid gland secrete?
PTH
What hormones are secreted by the Adrenal gland (cortex - zona blomerulosa)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), gonadocorticoids (androgens and estrogens)
What hormones are secreted by the Adrenal gland (medulla)
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
What hormones are secreted by the pancreas?
glucagon, insulin, GHIH
What hormones are secreted by the Ovaries?
Estradiol, progesterone
What hormones are secreted by the testes?
testosterone, inhibin
What hormones do the Placenta secrete?
hCG, relaxin
What hormones do the stomach secrete?
Gastrin, Ghrelin
What hormones do the duodenum secrete?
CCK, secretin, VIP
What hormones do the kidney secrete?
erythropoietin
What hormones do adipose tissue secrete?
Leptin
What hormones does the heart secrete?
ANP
What hormone does the thymus secrete?
Thymosin
Tidal Volume (TV)
air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath (approximately 500 ml)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (2100-3200 ml)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
air that can be evacuated from the lungs after a tidal expiration (1000-1200 ml)
Residual volume (RV)
air left in the lungs after strenuous expiration (1200 ml)
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration (IRV + TV)
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expiration (RV + ERV)
Vital capacity (VC)
the total amount of exchangeable air (TV + IRV + ERV)
Total lung capacity (TLC)
sum of all lung volumes (approximately 6000 ml in males)
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