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Needed Knowledge 1-88

Terms in this set (94)

people, places, things, and ideas

an action, state of being, or linking the subject with more information

describes nouns and pronouns

takes the place of the noun

a word with the same meaning is used in the sentence or a sentence close by

a word or group of words that has the opposite meaning; reveals the meaning of an unknown term

Explanation/Definition

the unknown word is explained within the sentence or in a sentence immediately preceding

Examples/Inference

to figure out the meaning of a word based on examples and clues in the text

Four types of context clues used to understand what you read.

synonym, antonym, explanation/definition & examples/inference

character involved in a whole story

Minor character

character briefly involved in the story, but not the main focus

Static character

a character that changes very little from the beginning to the end of the story

Dynamic character

a character that changes a lot throughout the story

a series of related events that make up the story

What are the 5 parts to the plot?

exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

meeting the main characters and become familiar with the setting

part of the story where relationships are discovered, conflict starts to develop, and suspense builds

high point of the story; the point of no return

characters' last chance to resolve their problems; events after the climax

reveals the final outcome of the conflict; conclusion; how the story ends

What are the 4 types of conflict?

person vs. person; person vs. nature; person vs. himself; person vs. society

Person vs. Person Conflict

external struggle or problem between two or more individuals

Person vs. Nature

external struggle or problem between man and an element of nautre

Person vs. Society

external struggle or problem between man and something in society

Person vs. Himself

internal struggle or problem concerning emotion and decision

where and when the action of the story takes place

the important message or meaning of the story

First Person Point-of-View

the narrator is a character in the story (I, We)

Third Person Point-of-View

the narrator is outside of the story; not a character in the story (They, He, She)

the atmosphere intended to create emotions or feelings within the reader

a hint or clue of what is going to happen in the story; an early suggestion by the author of things to come

a jump from the present to the past; it describes an event that happened at an earlier time

uses the words "like" or "as" to compare two things

makes a comparison of two or more things by suggesting that one thing IS or WAS the other

Personification

describing an object or idea with human-like qualities

a figure of speech which is an exaggeration; these statements are not true, but emphasize something

refrain of vowel sounds to create rhyming within a sentence or phrase (The night light was bright when we slept tonight)

a repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words (Silly Sally saw Sammy sip soup)

the real meaning may be opposite of what the words literally mean

using a simple object to represent a more complex idea

imitating the sounds with the objects or action they refer to

a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory or opposite terms appear next to each other

Literal Language

describe how something ACTUALLY looks, feels, or sounds

making a GENERAL statement about a group of things; taking specific information about something and applying it to all similar things

finding information that is STATED in a passage

belief or conclusion based on YOUR own thoughts and views of something

organizational pattern in which items are arranged according to there physical position

the order in which events are revealed to the reader

Cause and Effect

organizational pattern showing a relationship among reasons and results

Problem and Solution

organizational pattern that tells about a conflict and how it is resolved

Proposition and Support

a text that presents an idea or opinion (proposition) and provides supporting sentences to show the text is true (support)

Compare and Contrast

organizational pattern finding similarities and differences

events as they occur in time order

a writing form often written in stanzas that usually includes sound, rhythmic language, and imagery

a writing form that usually includes plot, dialogue, characters, and conflict

a genre of stories passed down by word of mouth such as tall tales, fairy tales, & fables

Historical Fiction

a genre of fictional stories that contain historical facts

Realistic Fiction

a genre of fictional stories using made up characters with events that could happen in real life

writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people

a newspaper article written by a person that gives an opinion on an issue

writing that explains or informs

a collection of stories a culture made up long ago to explain confusing things around them

a piece of writing that tells a story and is performed

an account of someone's life written by someone else

an account of a person's life written by that person

papers with 1" margins, double spacing, 12 point font, and heading

a group of words taken from a text and repeated by someone other than the original author EX: "Old Marley was as dead as a doornail."

credit given to the author of the information used

summarize the meaning of an author's passage using your own words. Example: There was no question Marley was dead.

Resource/Source

the place, person, or thing from which you get your information

an alphabetical listing of sources at the end of a research paper or text

to change a piece of writing to improve organization, word choice, or fluency

to change the conventions in a piece of writing

Thesis Statement

contains the main idea of a piece of writing
EX: Occasion/Position (OP) Statement- where you write a thesis sentence first stating the reason for writing followed by your viewpoint on the topic

Transition Sentence

sentence that connects one paragraph to another using a transition word and stating the main idea for the paragraph

Relevant details

explains or supports the topic sentence

opening paragraph of a piece of writing containing a blues/attention getter, thesis, and preview statment

the main part of a piece of writing between the introduction and conclusion that includes 3 main points

final paragraph of a piece of writing; it includes a review statement, a restatement of the thesis, and a final concluding thought

the careful selection of words to fit the audience, topic, and purpose and create vivid images

the writer's personality coming through their work

Independent Clause

a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought

Dependent Clause

one that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought

Simple Sentence

an independent clause that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought

Compound Sentence

contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator
Ex: FAN BOYS= for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Complex Sentence

has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses and always has a subordinate word such as because, since, after, although, or when, etc.

Complete Subject

all of the words in a sentence that tell whom or what the sentence is about

Complete Predicate

consists of a verb and all the words that modify the verb and complete its meaning

a prefix or suffix

word part added tot he beginning of the word

word part added to the end of a word

the study of....

the fear of....

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