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Needed Knowledge 1-88

Terms in this set (94)

Nouns
people, places, things, and ideas
Verbs
an action, state of being, or linking the subject with more information
Adjectives
describes nouns and pronouns
Pronouns
takes the place of the noun
Synonym
a word with the same meaning is used in the sentence or a sentence close by
Antonym
a word or group of words that has the opposite meaning; reveals the meaning of an unknown term
Explanation/Definition
the unknown word is explained within the sentence or in a sentence immediately preceding
Examples/Inference
to figure out the meaning of a word based on examples and clues in the text
Four types of context clues used to understand what you read.
synonym, antonym, explanation/definition & examples/inference
Main character
character involved in a whole story
Minor character
character briefly involved in the story, but not the main focus
Static character
a character that changes very little from the beginning to the end of the story
Dynamic character
a character that changes a lot throughout the story
Plot
a series of related events that make up the story
What are the 5 parts to the plot?
exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution
Exposition
meeting the main characters and become familiar with the setting
Rising Action
part of the story where relationships are discovered, conflict starts to develop, and suspense builds
Climax
high point of the story; the point of no return
Falling Action
characters' last chance to resolve their problems; events after the climax
Resolution
reveals the final outcome of the conflict; conclusion; how the story ends
What are the 4 types of conflict?
person vs. person; person vs. nature; person vs. himself; person vs. society
Person vs. Person Conflict
external struggle or problem between two or more individuals
Person vs. Nature
external struggle or problem between man and an element of nautre
Person vs. Society
external struggle or problem between man and something in society
Person vs. Himself
internal struggle or problem concerning emotion and decision
Setting
where and when the action of the story takes place
Theme
the important message or meaning of the story
First Person Point-of-View
the narrator is a character in the story (I, We)
Third Person Point-of-View
the narrator is outside of the story; not a character in the story (They, He, She)
Mood
the atmosphere intended to create emotions or feelings within the reader
Foreshadow
a hint or clue of what is going to happen in the story; an early suggestion by the author of things to come
Flashback
a jump from the present to the past; it describes an event that happened at an earlier time
Simile
uses the words "like" or "as" to compare two things
Metaphor
makes a comparison of two or more things by suggesting that one thing IS or WAS the other
Personification
describing an object or idea with human-like qualities
Hyperbole
a figure of speech which is an exaggeration; these statements are not true, but emphasize something
Assonance
refrain of vowel sounds to create rhyming within a sentence or phrase (The night light was bright when we slept tonight)
Alliteration
a repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words (Silly Sally saw Sammy sip soup)
Irony
the real meaning may be opposite of what the words literally mean
Symbolism
using a simple object to represent a more complex idea
Onomatopoeia
imitating the sounds with the objects or action they refer to
Oxymoron
a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory or opposite terms appear next to each other
Literal Language
describe how something ACTUALLY looks, feels, or sounds
Generalization
making a GENERAL statement about a group of things; taking specific information about something and applying it to all similar things
Fact
finding information that is STATED in a passage
Opinion
belief or conclusion based on YOUR own thoughts and views of something
Spatial
organizational pattern in which items are arranged according to there physical position
Sequential
the order in which events are revealed to the reader
Cause and Effect
organizational pattern showing a relationship among reasons and results
Problem and Solution
organizational pattern that tells about a conflict and how it is resolved
Proposition and Support
a text that presents an idea or opinion (proposition) and provides supporting sentences to show the text is true (support)
Compare and Contrast
organizational pattern finding similarities and differences
Chronological
events as they occur in time order
Poetry
a writing form often written in stanzas that usually includes sound, rhythmic language, and imagery
Narrative
a writing form that usually includes plot, dialogue, characters, and conflict
Folk Tale
a genre of stories passed down by word of mouth such as tall tales, fairy tales, & fables
Historical Fiction
a genre of fictional stories that contain historical facts
Realistic Fiction
a genre of fictional stories using made up characters with events that could happen in real life
Non-Fiction
writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people
Editorial
a newspaper article written by a person that gives an opinion on an issue
Expository
writing that explains or informs
Mythology
a collection of stories a culture made up long ago to explain confusing things around them
Drama
a piece of writing that tells a story and is performed
Biography
an account of someone's life written by someone else
Autobiography
an account of a person's life written by that person
MLA Style
papers with 1" margins, double spacing, 12 point font, and heading
Quotation
a group of words taken from a text and repeated by someone other than the original author EX: "Old Marley was as dead as a doornail."
Citation
credit given to the author of the information used
Paraphrase
summarize the meaning of an author's passage using your own words. Example: There was no question Marley was dead.
Resource/Source
the place, person, or thing from which you get your information
Bibliography
an alphabetical listing of sources at the end of a research paper or text
Revise
to change a piece of writing to improve organization, word choice, or fluency
Edit
to change the conventions in a piece of writing
Thesis Statement
contains the main idea of a piece of writing
EX: Occasion/Position (OP) Statement- where you write a thesis sentence first stating the reason for writing followed by your viewpoint on the topic
Transition Sentence
sentence that connects one paragraph to another using a transition word and stating the main idea for the paragraph
Relevant details
explains or supports the topic sentence
Introduction
opening paragraph of a piece of writing containing a blues/attention getter, thesis, and preview statment
Body
the main part of a piece of writing between the introduction and conclusion that includes 3 main points
Conclusion
final paragraph of a piece of writing; it includes a review statement, a restatement of the thesis, and a final concluding thought
Word Choice
the careful selection of words to fit the audience, topic, and purpose and create vivid images
Voice
the writer's personality coming through their work
Independent Clause
a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought
Dependent Clause
one that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought
Simple Sentence
an independent clause that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought
Compound Sentence
contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator
Ex: FAN BOYS= for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Complex Sentence
has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses and always has a subordinate word such as because, since, after, although, or when, etc.
Complete Subject
all of the words in a sentence that tell whom or what the sentence is about
Complete Predicate
consists of a verb and all the words that modify the verb and complete its meaning
Affix
a prefix or suffix
Prefix
word part added tot he beginning of the word
Suffix
word part added to the end of a word
-ology
the study of....
-phobia
the fear of....
Ir-
not
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