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Practice Problems (TEAS 2020-2021)

Terms in this set (55)

Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome?
a. protein synthesis
b. energy production
c. cell movement
d. storage of molecules
a. protein synthesis
Because muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelles would be prevalent in those types of cells?
a. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
c. cytoskeleton
d. cell membrane
b. mitochondria
Which of the following organelles is responsible for storing genetic information?
a. nucleus
b. ribosomes
c. cell membrane
d. lysosomes
a. nucleus
In the human body, which of the following organs is in a superior position to the lungs?
a. stomach
b. trachea
c. spleen
d. heart
b. trachea
Describe the part of the arm that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body.
Distal refers to farthest away.
The thumb is farthest away from the shoulder of the body.
Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs?
a. alveoli
b. heart
c. trachea
d. diaphragm
d. diaphragm
Which of the following statement best explains how the structure of alveoli relates to its function?
a. alveoli are large to maximize gas exchange
b. the walls the alveoli are thin to increase rate of diffusion
c. the walls of the alveoli are thick to prevent pressure buildup
d. alveoli are small to increase the transportation of cells
b. the walls the alveoli are thin to increase rate of diffusion

The thin walls decreases the distance between the air and bloodstream, increasing the rate of diffusion.
Which of the following statement best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?
a. it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to cells all over the body.
b. it involves the inhalation and exhalation of gases into the environment
c. it exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment
.d. it maintains proper blood level pH
c. it exchanges gases between the blood and the air in an environment
Which of the following conditions causes a narrowing of airways in the respiratory system?
a. influenza
b. bronchitis
c. asthma
d. pneumonia
c. asthma
Describe what will occur in the blood if the tidal volume in the lungs increases.
Increasing the tidal volume will increase diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream.

Oxygen will increase in the bloodstream.

Changing the tidal volume will not have a direct effect on heart rate or surfactant.
Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?
a. blood cells
b. muscle tissue split into two chambers
c. muscle tissue split into four chambers
d. four ventricles
c. muscle tissue split into four chambers
Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?
a. red blood cells
b. plasma
c. dissolved gases
d. leukocytes
a. red blood cells

Red blood cells contains hemoglobin, which transport oxygen.
Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs?
a. left ventricle
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
d. right ventricle

Left atrium: accepts blood from lungs
Right atrium: accepts blood from the body
Left ventricle: pumps blood to the body
Which of the following statements best describes the function of veins?
a. veins carry deoxygenated blood
b. veins carry oxygenated blood
c. veins carry blood back to the heart
d. veins carry blood away from the heart
c. veins carry blood back to the heart

Veins transport blood from the lungs or he body to the heart.

Veins can carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.
Describe two chambers of the heart that have thicker walls. Why would these chambers be thicker?
Ventricles use a large amount of pressure to push blood to different parts of the body. This puts quite a bit of force on these chambers.
In which of the following organs does digestion begin?
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas
a. mouth
In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin?
a. mucus
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas
b. stomach
Which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine?
a. mucus
b. microvilli
c. enzymes
d. hormones
b. microvilli
Which of the following statements best describes peristalsis?
a. the partly digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine.
b. the mechanical breakdown of food entering the stomach.
c. muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
d. chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes.
c. muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Describe the mechanical and chemical digestion of a starch or carbohydrate.
Starch begins to the breakdown in the mouth. Chewing breaks the molecules into smaller pieces. --Mechanical
Amylase also speeds up process of starches breaking down into smaller molecules. Muscle contractions in the stomach breaking down food particles into chyme. Then, in the small intestines, more enzymes released by the pancreas break down the starches into simple sugars.--Chemical
Which of the following actions is controlled by voluntary nerve signals?
a. walking
b. digestion
c. heart beating
d. breathing
a. walking
Which of the following best describes the function of a nerve synapse?
a. it carries a nerve impulse away from the nerve body.
b. it is responsible for involuntary muscle movements.
c. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and muscles.
d. it contains a bundle of fibers that transmit electrical impulses.
c. it allows for the passing of signals between neurons and muscles.
Which of the following types of muscle cell are often voluntary?
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. cardiac
d. nervous
a. skeletal
Which of the following types of nerves send message to the brain?
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. sensory
d. motor
c. sensory
A person put their hand on something hot but quickly removes it. Describe the pathway of the signal and response through the neuromuscular system.
Sensory nerves send a message to the central nervous system from the hand. Then, motor nerves send a signal to the muscles of the arm to contract.
Which of the following organs produce female gametes?
a. ovary
b. testes
c. prostate
d. uterus
a. ovary
Which is the location where fertilization typically takes place?
a. vagina
b. penis
c. vas deferens
d. fallopian tubes
d. fallopian tubes
Which of the following best describes one function of estrogen?
a. production of sperm cells
b. maturation of eggs
c. release of egg
d. fertilization
b. maturation of eggs
Which of the following results from the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males?
a. bone growth
b. facial hair growth
c. testosterone production
d. sperm production
c. testosterone production
Describe how the production of male and female gametes differs.
Male gametes, or sperm, are produced by the testes, whereas female gametes, or eggs, are produced by the ovaries. Sperm are constantly produced, but eggs are developed and matured cyclically. Eggs are typically released one at a time, but many sperm can be released at once during ejaculation.
Which of the following is the layer of skin that forms a protective, waterproof barrier?
a. dermis
b. sudoriferous
c. sebaceous
d. epidermis
d. epidermis
Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes?
a. secretion of substances like minerals and alcohol
b. production of melanin
c. absorption of vitamin D
d. sensing the environment
b. production of melanin
Which of the following layers of the skin contains hair follicles?
a. dermis
b. sudorferous
c. sebaceous
d. epidermis
a. dermis
Which of the following layers of the skin contains a layer of dead cells?
a. dermis
b. hypodermis
c. sudoriferous
d. epidermis
d. epidermis
Describe how the integumentary system reacts to a rise in body temperature.
If the body gets too hot: the integumentary system uses thermoregulation strategies to cool it off. Sweat is produced by the sebaceous glands. As the water in sweat evaporates, the skin is cooled. Blood vessels also dilate and move closer to the skin surface to try and cool off.
Which of the following best describes the kind of message sent in the endocrine system?
a. electrical signals between axons
b. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream
c. physical sensory signals received through the integumentary system
d. audiovisual signals processed through the brain
b. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream
Which of the following structures secretes releasing hormones?
a. hypothalamus
b. pituitary
c. pancreas
d. liver
a. hypothalamus
Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland?
a. releasing growth hormone
b. releasing melatonin
c. releasing insulin and glucagon
d. releasing luteinizing hormone
b. releasing melatonin
Which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress?
a. hypothalamus
b. adrenal glands
c. pancreas
d. pituitary gland
b. adrenal glands
Explain what happens to the levels of blood glucose and hormones after eating?
After eating food, blood glucose levels rise. The pancreas responds by releasing insulin, which promotes glucose being taken up by cells. This leads to a decrease in blood glucose level because glucose leaves the bloodstream and enters the cell.
Which of the following parts of the male genitourinary system also transports sperm?
a. ureter
b. urethra
c. uterus
d. urinary bladder
b. urethra
Which of the following waste products from digestion does the kidney remove?
a. nitrogen
b. sodium chloride
c. protein
d. carbon
a. nitrogen

Nitrogen in the form of urea in the urine results from the metabolism of proteins.
Which of the following best describes the outcome if the kidneys stopped functioning?
a. blood would increase its carbon dioxide concentration
b. blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis.
c. the kidneys would fill with urine
d. the frequency in which a human excretes urine would increase.
b. blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis

Without kidneys function properly, the human body would not be able to filter out waste in the blood.
Which of the following structures is the functional unit of the kidney?
a. renal capillaries
b. glomerulus
c. nephron
d. cortex
c. nephron

The nephron is the microscopic tubule system that filters and reabsorbs.
Explain the purpose of blood pressure in the kidney.
Renin is a hormone that is released by the kidneys and helps to regulate blood pressure.
Which of the following helps to prevent pathogens from invading the body?
a. histamines
b. mucus
c. T cells
d. macrophages
b. mucus

Mucus can trap pathogens entering an opening in the body such as in the nasal cavity.
A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next?
a. cytotoxic T cells form
b. histamines are released
c. antigens are released
d. helper T cells are activated
b. histamines are released

Histamines are released to stimulate blood flow to the area of the cut, allowing white blood cells infiltrate the area.
Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies?
a. T cells
b. plasma cells
c. memory cells
d. macrophages
b. plasma cells
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine?
a. to produce extra inflammatory responses such as the release of histamines.
b. to practice passive immunity
c. to produce antibodies in case of future infection
d. to increase macrophage production.
c. to produce antibodies in case of future infection

Vaccinations allow the body to recognize and produce antibodies to use in the case of future infection by that pathogen.
Describes what occurs in the immune system when its encounters an allergen.
Allergies are caused by a substance that enters the body and triggers an immune response even when there is not an invading pathogen. The substance causing the allergy triggers histamine to be released, which can cause sneezing and mucus secretion.
Which of the following breaks down bone material?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. canaliculi
d. osteocytes
a. osteoclasts
Which of the following is considered a short bone?
a. skull bone
b. radius and ulna
c. carpals and tarsals
d. humerus and scapula
c. carpals and tarsals
Which of the following best describes the purpose of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system?
a. it forms the matrix of a bone
b. it develops into osteocytes
c. it strengthens the entire skeletal system
d. it reduces friction
d. it reduces friction

The covering at the end of long bones where joints form needs hyaline cartilage to reduce the friction of movement.
Which of the following best explains the cause of osteoporosis?
a. pathogens eat away at bone tissue.
b. ligaments degrade, causing joints to malfunction
c. osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.
d. osteoclasts break down bone slower than osteoblasts build them up.
c. osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.

More bone is being broken down that is being built up, causing bones to weaken and become brittle. Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals.
Describe how the skeletal and muscular system work together?
The bones of the skeleton connect tot he skeletal muscles with a connective tissue known as a "tendon." When the muscle contracts, it shortens, pulling the bone it is connected to.
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